// Knockout JavaScript library v3.0.0
// (c) Steven Sanderson - http://knockoutjs.com/
// License: MIT (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)

(function() {
    var DEBUG = true;
    (function(undefined) {
        // (0, eval)('this') is a robust way of getting a reference to the global object
        // For details, see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14119988/return-this-0-evalthis/14120023#14120023
        var window = this || (0, eval)('this'),
            document = window['document'],
            navigator = window['navigator'],
            jQuery = window["jQuery"],
            JSON = window["JSON"];
        (function(factory) {
            // Support three module loading scenarios
            if (typeof require === 'function' && typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module === 'object') {
                // [1] CommonJS/Node.js
                var target = module['exports'] || exports; // module.exports is for Node.js
                factory(target);
            } else if (typeof define === 'function' && define['amd']) {
                // [2] AMD anonymous module
                define(['exports'], factory);
            } else {
                // [3] No module loader (plain <script> tag) - put directly in global namespace
                factory(window['ko'] = {});
            }
        }(function(koExports) {
// Internally, all KO objects are attached to koExports (even the non-exported ones whose names will be minified by the closure compiler).
// In the future, the following "ko" variable may be made distinct from "koExports" so that private objects are not externally reachable.
            var ko = typeof koExports !== 'undefined' ? koExports : {};
// Google Closure Compiler helpers (used only to make the minified file smaller)
            ko.exportSymbol = function(koPath, object) {
                var tokens = koPath.split(".");

                // In the future, "ko" may become distinct from "koExports" (so that non-exported objects are not reachable)
                // At that point, "target" would be set to: (typeof koExports !== "undefined" ? koExports : ko)
                var target = ko;

                for (var i = 0; i < tokens.length - 1; i++)
                    target = target[tokens[i]];
                target[tokens[tokens.length - 1]] = object;
            };
            ko.exportProperty = function(owner, publicName, object) {
                owner[publicName] = object;
            };
            ko.version = "3.0.0";

            ko.exportSymbol('version', ko.version);
            ko.utils = (function() {
                var objectForEach = function(obj, action) {
                    for (var prop in obj) {
                        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
                            action(prop, obj[prop]);
                        }
                    }
                };

                // Represent the known event types in a compact way, then at runtime transform it into a hash with event name as key (for fast lookup)
                var knownEvents = {}, knownEventTypesByEventName = {};
                var keyEventTypeName = (navigator && /Firefox\/2/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) ? 'KeyboardEvent' : 'UIEvents';
                knownEvents[keyEventTypeName] = ['keyup', 'keydown', 'keypress'];
                knownEvents['MouseEvents'] = ['click', 'dblclick', 'mousedown', 'mouseup', 'mousemove', 'mouseover', 'mouseout', 'mouseenter', 'mouseleave'];
                objectForEach(knownEvents, function(eventType, knownEventsForType) {
                    if (knownEventsForType.length) {
                        for (var i = 0, j = knownEventsForType.length; i < j; i++)
                            knownEventTypesByEventName[knownEventsForType[i]] = eventType;
                    }
                });
                var eventsThatMustBeRegisteredUsingAttachEvent = { 'propertychange': true }; // Workaround for an IE9 issue - https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/406

                // Detect IE versions for bug workarounds (uses IE conditionals, not UA string, for robustness)
                // Note that, since IE 10 does not support conditional comments, the following logic only detects IE < 10.
                // Currently this is by design, since IE 10+ behaves correctly when treated as a standard browser.
                // If there is a future need to detect specific versions of IE10+, we will amend this.
                var ieVersion = document && (function() {
                    var version = 3, div = document.createElement('div'), iElems = div.getElementsByTagName('i');

                    // Keep constructing conditional HTML blocks until we hit one that resolves to an empty fragment
                    while (div.innerHTML = '<!--[if gt IE ' + (++version) + ']><i></i><![endif]-->',
                    iElems[0]) {
                    }
                    return version > 4 ? version : undefined;
                }());
                var isIe6 = ieVersion === 6,
                    isIe7 = ieVersion === 7;

                function isClickOnCheckableElement(element, eventType) {
                    if ((ko.utils.tagNameLower(element) !== "input") || !element.type) return false;
                    if (eventType.toLowerCase() != "click") return false;
                    var inputType = element.type;
                    return (inputType == "checkbox") || (inputType == "radio");
                }

                return {
                    fieldsIncludedWithJsonPost: ['authenticity_token', /^__RequestVerificationToken(_.*)?$/],

                    arrayForEach: function(array, action) {
                        for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++)
                            action(array[i]);
                    },

                    arrayIndexOf: function(array, item) {
                        if (typeof Array.prototype.indexOf == "function")
                            return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(array, item);
                        for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++)
                            if (array[i] === item)
                                return i;
                        return -1;
                    },

                    arrayFirst: function(array, predicate, predicateOwner) {
                        for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++)
                            if (predicate.call(predicateOwner, array[i]))
                                return array[i];
                        return null;
                    },

                    arrayRemoveItem: function(array, itemToRemove) {
                        var index = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(array, itemToRemove);
                        if (index >= 0)
                            array.splice(index, 1);
                    },

                    arrayGetDistinctValues: function(array) {
                        array = array || [];
                        var result = [];
                        for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++) {
                            if (ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(result, array[i]) < 0)
                                result.push(array[i]);
                        }
                        return result;
                    },

                    arrayMap: function(array, mapping) {
                        array = array || [];
                        var result = [];
                        for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++)
                            result.push(mapping(array[i]));
                        return result;
                    },

                    arrayFilter: function(array, predicate) {
                        array = array || [];
                        var result = [];
                        for (var i = 0, j = array.length; i < j; i++)
                            if (predicate(array[i]))
                                result.push(array[i]);
                        return result;
                    },

                    arrayPushAll: function(array, valuesToPush) {
                        if (valuesToPush instanceof Array)
                            array.push.apply(array, valuesToPush);
                        else
                            for (var i = 0, j = valuesToPush.length; i < j; i++)
                                array.push(valuesToPush[i]);
                        return array;
                    },

                    addOrRemoveItem: function(array, value, included) {
                        var existingEntryIndex = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(ko.utils.peekObservable(array), value);
                        if (existingEntryIndex < 0) {
                            if (included)
                                array.push(value);
                        } else {
                            if (!included)
                                array.splice(existingEntryIndex, 1);
                        }
                    },

                    extend: function(target, source) {
                        if (source) {
                            for (var prop in source) {
                                if (source.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
                                    target[prop] = source[prop];
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        return target;
                    },

                    objectForEach: objectForEach,

                    objectMap: function(source, mapping) {
                        if (!source)
                            return source;
                        var target = {};
                        for (var prop in source) {
                            if (source.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
                                target[prop] = mapping(source[prop], prop, source);
                            }
                        }
                        return target;
                    },

                    emptyDomNode: function(domNode) {
                        while (domNode.firstChild) {
                            ko.removeNode(domNode.firstChild);
                        }
                    },

                    moveCleanedNodesToContainerElement: function(nodes) {
                        // Ensure it's a real array, as we're about to reparent the nodes and
                        // we don't want the underlying collection to change while we're doing that.
                        var nodesArray = ko.utils.makeArray(nodes);

                        var container = document.createElement('div');
                        for (var i = 0, j = nodesArray.length; i < j; i++) {
                            container.appendChild(ko.cleanNode(nodesArray[i]));
                        }
                        return container;
                    },

                    cloneNodes: function(nodesArray, shouldCleanNodes) {
                        for (var i = 0, j = nodesArray.length, newNodesArray = []; i < j; i++) {
                            var clonedNode = nodesArray[i].cloneNode(true);
                            newNodesArray.push(shouldCleanNodes ? ko.cleanNode(clonedNode) : clonedNode);
                        }
                        return newNodesArray;
                    },

                    setDomNodeChildren: function(domNode, childNodes) {
                        ko.utils.emptyDomNode(domNode);
                        if (childNodes) {
                            for (var i = 0, j = childNodes.length; i < j; i++)
                                domNode.appendChild(childNodes[i]);
                        }
                    },

                    replaceDomNodes: function(nodeToReplaceOrNodeArray, newNodesArray) {
                        var nodesToReplaceArray = nodeToReplaceOrNodeArray.nodeType ? [nodeToReplaceOrNodeArray] : nodeToReplaceOrNodeArray;
                        if (nodesToReplaceArray.length > 0) {
                            var insertionPoint = nodesToReplaceArray[0];
                            var parent = insertionPoint.parentNode;
                            for (var i = 0, j = newNodesArray.length; i < j; i++)
                                parent.insertBefore(newNodesArray[i], insertionPoint);
                            for (var i = 0, j = nodesToReplaceArray.length; i < j; i++) {
                                ko.removeNode(nodesToReplaceArray[i]);
                            }
                        }
                    },

                    fixUpContinuousNodeArray: function(continuousNodeArray, parentNode) {
                        // Before acting on a set of nodes that were previously outputted by a template function, we have to reconcile
                        // them against what is in the DOM right now. It may be that some of the nodes have already been removed, or that
                        // new nodes might have been inserted in the middle, for example by a binding. Also, there may previously have been
                        // leading comment nodes (created by rewritten string-based templates) that have since been removed during binding.
                        // So, this function translates the old "map" output array into its best guess of the set of current DOM nodes.
                        //
                        // Rules:
                        //   [A] Any leading nodes that have been removed should be ignored
                        //       These most likely correspond to memoization nodes that were already removed during binding
                        //       See https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/pull/440
                        //   [B] We want to output a continuous series of nodes. So, ignore any nodes that have already been removed,
                        //       and include any nodes that have been inserted among the previous collection

                        if (continuousNodeArray.length) {
                            // The parent node can be a virtual element; so get the real parent node
                            parentNode = (parentNode.nodeType === 8 && parentNode.parentNode) || parentNode;

                            // Rule [A]
                            while (continuousNodeArray.length && continuousNodeArray[0].parentNode !== parentNode)
                                continuousNodeArray.splice(0, 1);

                            // Rule [B]
                            if (continuousNodeArray.length > 1) {
                                var current = continuousNodeArray[0], last = continuousNodeArray[continuousNodeArray.length - 1];
                                // Replace with the actual new continuous node set
                                continuousNodeArray.length = 0;
                                while (current !== last) {
                                    continuousNodeArray.push(current);
                                    current = current.nextSibling;
                                    if (!current) // Won't happen, except if the developer has manually removed some DOM elements (then we're in an undefined scenario)
                                        return;
                                }
                                continuousNodeArray.push(last);
                            }
                        }
                        return continuousNodeArray;
                    },

                    setOptionNodeSelectionState: function(optionNode, isSelected) {
                        // IE6 sometimes throws "unknown error" if you try to write to .selected directly, whereas Firefox struggles with setAttribute. Pick one based on browser.
                        if (ieVersion < 7)
                            optionNode.setAttribute("selected", isSelected);
                        else
                            optionNode.selected = isSelected;
                    },

                    stringTrim: function(string) {
                        return string === null || string === undefined ? '' :
                            string.trim ?
                                string.trim() :
                                string.toString().replace(/^[\s\xa0]+|[\s\xa0]+$/g, '');
                    },

                    stringTokenize: function(string, delimiter) {
                        var result = [];
                        var tokens = (string || "").split(delimiter);
                        for (var i = 0, j = tokens.length; i < j; i++) {
                            var trimmed = ko.utils.stringTrim(tokens[i]);
                            if (trimmed !== "")
                                result.push(trimmed);
                        }
                        return result;
                    },

                    stringStartsWith: function(string, startsWith) {
                        string = string || "";
                        if (startsWith.length > string.length)
                            return false;
                        return string.substring(0, startsWith.length) === startsWith;
                    },

                    domNodeIsContainedBy: function(node, containedByNode) {
                        if (node === containedByNode)
                            return true;
                        if (node.nodeType === 11)
                            return false; // Fixes issue #1162 - can't use node.contains for document fragments on IE8
                        if (containedByNode.contains)
                            return containedByNode.contains(node.nodeType === 3 ? node.parentNode : node);
                        if (containedByNode.compareDocumentPosition)
                            return (containedByNode.compareDocumentPosition(node) & 16) == 16;
                        while (node && node != containedByNode) {
                            node = node.parentNode;
                        }
                        return !!node;
                    },

                    domNodeIsAttachedToDocument: function(node) {
                        return ko.utils.domNodeIsContainedBy(node, node.ownerDocument.documentElement);
                    },

                    anyDomNodeIsAttachedToDocument: function(nodes) {
                        return !!ko.utils.arrayFirst(nodes, ko.utils.domNodeIsAttachedToDocument);
                    },

                    tagNameLower: function(element) {
                        // For HTML elements, tagName will always be upper case; for XHTML elements, it'll be lower case.
                        // Possible future optimization: If we know it's an element from an XHTML document (not HTML),
                        // we don't need to do the .toLowerCase() as it will always be lower case anyway.
                        return element && element.tagName && element.tagName.toLowerCase();
                    },

                    registerEventHandler: function(element, eventType, handler) {
                        var mustUseAttachEvent = ieVersion && eventsThatMustBeRegisteredUsingAttachEvent[eventType];
                        if (!mustUseAttachEvent && typeof jQuery != "undefined") {
                            if (isClickOnCheckableElement(element, eventType)) {
                                // For click events on checkboxes, jQuery interferes with the event handling in an awkward way:
                                // it toggles the element checked state *after* the click event handlers run, whereas native
                                // click events toggle the checked state *before* the event handler.
                                // Fix this by intecepting the handler and applying the correct checkedness before it runs.
                                var originalHandler = handler;
                                handler = function(event, eventData) {
                                    var jQuerySuppliedCheckedState = this.checked;
                                    if (eventData)
                                        this.checked = eventData.checkedStateBeforeEvent !== true;
                                    originalHandler.call(this, event);
                                    this.checked = jQuerySuppliedCheckedState; // Restore the state jQuery applied
                                };
                            }
                            jQuery(element)['bind'](eventType, handler);
                        } else if (!mustUseAttachEvent && typeof element.addEventListener == "function")
                            element.addEventListener(eventType, handler, false);
                        else if (typeof element.attachEvent != "undefined") {
                            var attachEventHandler = function(event) { handler.call(element, event); },
                                attachEventName = "on" + eventType;
                            element.attachEvent(attachEventName, attachEventHandler);

                            // IE does not dispose attachEvent handlers automatically (unlike with addEventListener)
                            // so to avoid leaks, we have to remove them manually. See bug #856
                            ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback(element, function() {
                                element.detachEvent(attachEventName, attachEventHandler);
                            });
                        } else
                            throw new Error("Browser doesn't support addEventListener or attachEvent");
                    },

                    triggerEvent: function(element, eventType) {
                        if (!(element && element.nodeType))
                            throw new Error("element must be a DOM node when calling triggerEvent");

                        if (typeof jQuery != "undefined") {
                            var eventData = [];
                            if (isClickOnCheckableElement(element, eventType)) {
                                // Work around the jQuery "click events on checkboxes" issue described above by storing the original checked state before triggering the handler
                                eventData.push({ checkedStateBeforeEvent: element.checked });
                            }
                            jQuery(element)['trigger'](eventType, eventData);
                        } else if (typeof document.createEvent == "function") {
                            if (typeof element.dispatchEvent == "function") {
                                var eventCategory = knownEventTypesByEventName[eventType] || "HTMLEvents";
                                var event = document.createEvent(eventCategory);
                                event.initEvent(eventType, true, true, window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, element);
                                element.dispatchEvent(event);
                            } else
                                throw new Error("The supplied element doesn't support dispatchEvent");
                        } else if (typeof element.fireEvent != "undefined") {
                            // Unlike other browsers, IE doesn't change the checked state of checkboxes/radiobuttons when you trigger their "click" event
                            // so to make it consistent, we'll do it manually here
                            if (isClickOnCheckableElement(element, eventType))
                                element.checked = element.checked !== true;
                            element.fireEvent("on" + eventType);
                        } else
                            throw new Error("Browser doesn't support triggering events");
                    },

                    unwrapObservable: function(value) {
                        return ko.isObservable(value) ? value() : value;
                    },

                    peekObservable: function(value) {
                        return ko.isObservable(value) ? value.peek() : value;
                    },

                    toggleDomNodeCssClass: function(node, classNames, shouldHaveClass) {
                        if (classNames) {
                            var cssClassNameRegex = /\S+/g,
                                currentClassNames = node.className.match(cssClassNameRegex) || [];
                            ko.utils.arrayForEach(classNames.match(cssClassNameRegex), function(className) {
                                ko.utils.addOrRemoveItem(currentClassNames, className, shouldHaveClass);
                            });
                            node.className = currentClassNames.join(" ");
                        }
                    },

                    setTextContent: function(element, textContent) {
                        var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(textContent);
                        if ((value === null) || (value === undefined))
                            value = "";

                        // We need there to be exactly one child: a text node.
                        // If there are no children, more than one, or if it's not a text node,
                        // we'll clear everything and create a single text node.
                        var innerTextNode = ko.virtualElements.firstChild(element);
                        if (!innerTextNode || innerTextNode.nodeType != 3 || ko.virtualElements.nextSibling(innerTextNode)) {
                            ko.virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren(element, [document.createTextNode(value)]);
                        } else {
                            innerTextNode.data = value;
                        }

                        ko.utils.forceRefresh(element);
                    },

                    setElementName: function(element, name) {
                        element.name = name;

                        // Workaround IE 6/7 issue
                        // - https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/197
                        // - http://www.matts411.com/post/setting_the_name_attribute_in_ie_dom/
                        if (ieVersion <= 7) {
                            try {
                                element.mergeAttributes(document.createElement("<input name='" + element.name + "'/>"), false);
                            } catch(e) {
                            } // For IE9 with doc mode "IE9 Standards" and browser mode "IE9 Compatibility View"
                        }
                    },

                    forceRefresh: function(node) {
                        // Workaround for an IE9 rendering bug - https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/209
                        if (ieVersion >= 9) {
                            // For text nodes and comment nodes (most likely virtual elements), we will have to refresh the container
                            var elem = node.nodeType == 1 ? node : node.parentNode;
                            if (elem.style)
                                elem.style.zoom = elem.style.zoom;
                        }
                    },

                    ensureSelectElementIsRenderedCorrectly: function(selectElement) {
                        // Workaround for IE9 rendering bug - it doesn't reliably display all the text in dynamically-added select boxes unless you force it to re-render by updating the width.
                        // (See https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/312, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5908494/select-only-shows-first-char-of-selected-option)
                        // Also fixes IE7 and IE8 bug that causes selects to be zero width if enclosed by 'if' or 'with'. (See issue #839)
                        if (ieVersion) {
                            var originalWidth = selectElement.style.width;
                            selectElement.style.width = 0;
                            selectElement.style.width = originalWidth;
                        }
                    },

                    range: function(min, max) {
                        min = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(min);
                        max = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(max);
                        var result = [];
                        for (var i = min; i <= max; i++)
                            result.push(i);
                        return result;
                    },

                    makeArray: function(arrayLikeObject) {
                        var result = [];
                        for (var i = 0, j = arrayLikeObject.length; i < j; i++) {
                            result.push(arrayLikeObject[i]);
                        }
                        ;
                        return result;
                    },

                    isIe6: isIe6,
                    isIe7: isIe7,
                    ieVersion: ieVersion,

                    getFormFields: function(form, fieldName) {
                        var fields = ko.utils.makeArray(form.getElementsByTagName("input")).concat(ko.utils.makeArray(form.getElementsByTagName("textarea")));
                        var isMatchingField = (typeof fieldName == 'string')
                            ? function(field) { return field.name === fieldName; }
                            : function(field) { return fieldName.test(field.name); }; // Treat fieldName as regex or object containing predicate
                        var matches = [];
                        for (var i = fields.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            if (isMatchingField(fields[i]))
                                matches.push(fields[i]);
                        }
                        ;
                        return matches;
                    },

                    parseJson: function(jsonString) {
                        if (typeof jsonString == "string") {
                            jsonString = ko.utils.stringTrim(jsonString);
                            if (jsonString) {
                                if (JSON && JSON.parse) // Use native parsing where available
                                    return JSON.parse(jsonString);
                                return (new Function("return " + jsonString))(); // Fallback on less safe parsing for older browsers
                            }
                        }
                        return null;
                    },

                    stringifyJson: function(data, replacer, space) { // replacer and space are optional
                        if (!JSON || !JSON.stringify)
                            throw new Error("Cannot find JSON.stringify(). Some browsers (e.g., IE < 8) don't support it natively, but you can overcome this by adding a script reference to json2.js, downloadable from http://www.json.org/json2.js");
                        return JSON.stringify(ko.utils.unwrapObservable(data), replacer, space);
                    },

                    postJson: function(urlOrForm, data, options) {
                        options = options || {};
                        var params = options['params'] || {};
                        var includeFields = options['includeFields'] || this.fieldsIncludedWithJsonPost;
                        var url = urlOrForm;

                        // If we were given a form, use its 'action' URL and pick out any requested field values
                        if ((typeof urlOrForm == 'object') && (ko.utils.tagNameLower(urlOrForm) === "form")) {
                            var originalForm = urlOrForm;
                            url = originalForm.action;
                            for (var i = includeFields.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                                var fields = ko.utils.getFormFields(originalForm, includeFields[i]);
                                for (var j = fields.length - 1; j >= 0; j--)
                                    params[fields[j].name] = fields[j].value;
                            }
                        }

                        data = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(data);
                        var form = document.createElement("form");
                        form.style.display = "none";
                        form.action = url;
                        form.method = "post";
                        for (var key in data) {
                            // Since 'data' this is a model object, we include all properties including those inherited from its prototype
                            var input = document.createElement("input");
                            input.name = key;
                            input.value = ko.utils.stringifyJson(ko.utils.unwrapObservable(data[key]));
                            form.appendChild(input);
                        }
                        objectForEach(params, function(key, value) {
                            var input = document.createElement("input");
                            input.name = key;
                            input.value = value;
                            form.appendChild(input);
                        });
                        document.body.appendChild(form);
                        options['submitter'] ? options['submitter'](form) : form.submit();
                        setTimeout(function() { form.parentNode.removeChild(form); }, 0);
                    }
                };
            }());

            ko.exportSymbol('utils', ko.utils);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayForEach', ko.utils.arrayForEach);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayFirst', ko.utils.arrayFirst);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayFilter', ko.utils.arrayFilter);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayGetDistinctValues', ko.utils.arrayGetDistinctValues);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayIndexOf', ko.utils.arrayIndexOf);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayMap', ko.utils.arrayMap);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayPushAll', ko.utils.arrayPushAll);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.arrayRemoveItem', ko.utils.arrayRemoveItem);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.extend', ko.utils.extend);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.fieldsIncludedWithJsonPost', ko.utils.fieldsIncludedWithJsonPost);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.getFormFields', ko.utils.getFormFields);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.peekObservable', ko.utils.peekObservable);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.postJson', ko.utils.postJson);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.parseJson', ko.utils.parseJson);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.registerEventHandler', ko.utils.registerEventHandler);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.stringifyJson', ko.utils.stringifyJson);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.range', ko.utils.range);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.toggleDomNodeCssClass', ko.utils.toggleDomNodeCssClass);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.triggerEvent', ko.utils.triggerEvent);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.unwrapObservable', ko.utils.unwrapObservable);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.objectForEach', ko.utils.objectForEach);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.addOrRemoveItem', ko.utils.addOrRemoveItem);
            ko.exportSymbol('unwrap', ko.utils.unwrapObservable); // Convenient shorthand, because this is used so commonly

            if (!Function.prototype['bind']) {
                // Function.prototype.bind is a standard part of ECMAScript 5th Edition (December 2009, http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-262.pdf)
                // In case the browser doesn't implement it natively, provide a JavaScript implementation. This implementation is based on the one in prototype.js
                Function.prototype['bind'] = function(object) {
                    var originalFunction = this, args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments), object = args.shift();
                    return function() {
                        return originalFunction.apply(object, args.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)));
                    };
                };
            }

            ko.utils.domData = new (function() {
                var uniqueId = 0;
                var dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName = "__ko__" + (new Date).getTime();
                var dataStore = {};

                function getAll(node, createIfNotFound) {
                    var dataStoreKey = node[dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName];
                    var hasExistingDataStore = dataStoreKey && (dataStoreKey !== "null") && dataStore[dataStoreKey];
                    if (!hasExistingDataStore) {
                        if (!createIfNotFound)
                            return undefined;
                        dataStoreKey = node[dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName] = "ko" + uniqueId++;
                        dataStore[dataStoreKey] = {};
                    }
                    return dataStore[dataStoreKey];
                }

                return {
                    get: function(node, key) {
                        var allDataForNode = getAll(node, false);
                        return allDataForNode === undefined ? undefined : allDataForNode[key];
                    },
                    set: function(node, key, value) {
                        if (value === undefined) {
                            // Make sure we don't actually create a new domData key if we are actually deleting a value
                            if (getAll(node, false) === undefined)
                                return;
                        }
                        var allDataForNode = getAll(node, true);
                        allDataForNode[key] = value;
                    },
                    clear: function(node) {
                        var dataStoreKey = node[dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName];
                        if (dataStoreKey) {
                            delete dataStore[dataStoreKey];
                            node[dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName] = null;
                            return true; // Exposing "did clean" flag purely so specs can infer whether things have been cleaned up as intended
                        }
                        return false;
                    },

                    nextKey: function() {
                        return (uniqueId++) + dataStoreKeyExpandoPropertyName;
                    }
                };
            })();

            ko.exportSymbol('utils.domData', ko.utils.domData);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.domData.clear', ko.utils.domData.clear); // Exporting only so specs can clear up after themselves fully

            ko.utils.domNodeDisposal = new (function() {
                var domDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
                var cleanableNodeTypes = { 1: true, 8: true, 9: true }; // Element, Comment, Document
                var cleanableNodeTypesWithDescendants = { 1: true, 9: true }; // Element, Document

                function getDisposeCallbacksCollection(node, createIfNotFound) {
                    var allDisposeCallbacks = ko.utils.domData.get(node, domDataKey);
                    if ((allDisposeCallbacks === undefined) && createIfNotFound) {
                        allDisposeCallbacks = [];
                        ko.utils.domData.set(node, domDataKey, allDisposeCallbacks);
                    }
                    return allDisposeCallbacks;
                }

                function destroyCallbacksCollection(node) {
                    ko.utils.domData.set(node, domDataKey, undefined);
                }

                function cleanSingleNode(node) {
                    // Run all the dispose callbacks
                    var callbacks = getDisposeCallbacksCollection(node, false);
                    if (callbacks) {
                        callbacks = callbacks.slice(0); // Clone, as the array may be modified during iteration (typically, callbacks will remove themselves)
                        for (var i = 0; i < callbacks.length; i++)
                            callbacks[i](node);
                    }

                    // Also erase the DOM data
                    ko.utils.domData.clear(node);

                    // Special support for jQuery here because it's so commonly used.
                    // Many jQuery plugins (including jquery.tmpl) store data using jQuery's equivalent of domData
                    // so notify it to tear down any resources associated with the node & descendants here.
                    if ((typeof jQuery == "function") && (typeof jQuery['cleanData'] == "function"))
                        jQuery['cleanData']([node]);

                    // Also clear any immediate-child comment nodes, as these wouldn't have been found by
                    // node.getElementsByTagName("*") in cleanNode() (comment nodes aren't elements)
                    if (cleanableNodeTypesWithDescendants[node.nodeType])
                        cleanImmediateCommentTypeChildren(node);
                }

                function cleanImmediateCommentTypeChildren(nodeWithChildren) {
                    var child, nextChild = nodeWithChildren.firstChild;
                    while (child = nextChild) {
                        nextChild = child.nextSibling;
                        if (child.nodeType === 8)
                            cleanSingleNode(child);
                    }
                }

                return {
                    addDisposeCallback: function(node, callback) {
                        if (typeof callback != "function")
                            throw new Error("Callback must be a function");
                        getDisposeCallbacksCollection(node, true).push(callback);
                    },

                    removeDisposeCallback: function(node, callback) {
                        var callbacksCollection = getDisposeCallbacksCollection(node, false);
                        if (callbacksCollection) {
                            ko.utils.arrayRemoveItem(callbacksCollection, callback);
                            if (callbacksCollection.length == 0)
                                destroyCallbacksCollection(node);
                        }
                    },

                    cleanNode: function(node) {
                        // First clean this node, where applicable
                        if (cleanableNodeTypes[node.nodeType]) {
                            cleanSingleNode(node);

                            // ... then its descendants, where applicable
                            if (cleanableNodeTypesWithDescendants[node.nodeType]) {
                                // Clone the descendants list in case it changes during iteration
                                var descendants = [];
                                ko.utils.arrayPushAll(descendants, node.getElementsByTagName("*"));
                                for (var i = 0, j = descendants.length; i < j; i++)
                                    cleanSingleNode(descendants[i]);
                            }
                        }
                        return node;
                    },

                    removeNode: function(node) {
                        ko.cleanNode(node);
                        if (node.parentNode)
                            node.parentNode.removeChild(node);
                    }
                };
            })();
            ko.cleanNode = ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.cleanNode; // Shorthand name for convenience
            ko.removeNode = ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.removeNode; // Shorthand name for convenience
            ko.exportSymbol('cleanNode', ko.cleanNode);
            ko.exportSymbol('removeNode', ko.removeNode);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.domNodeDisposal', ko.utils.domNodeDisposal);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback', ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.domNodeDisposal.removeDisposeCallback', ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.removeDisposeCallback);
            (function() {
                var leadingCommentRegex = /^(\s*)<!--(.*?)-->/;

                function simpleHtmlParse(html) {
                    // Based on jQuery's "clean" function, but only accounting for table-related elements.
                    // If you have referenced jQuery, this won't be used anyway - KO will use jQuery's "clean" function directly

                    // Note that there's still an issue in IE < 9 whereby it will discard comment nodes that are the first child of
                    // a descendant node. For example: "<div><!-- mycomment -->abc</div>" will get parsed as "<div>abc</div>"
                    // This won't affect anyone who has referenced jQuery, and there's always the workaround of inserting a dummy node
                    // (possibly a text node) in front of the comment. So, KO does not attempt to workaround this IE issue automatically at present.

                    // Trim whitespace, otherwise indexOf won't work as expected
                    var tags = ko.utils.stringTrim(html).toLowerCase(), div = document.createElement("div");

                    // Finds the first match from the left column, and returns the corresponding "wrap" data from the right column
                    var wrap = tags.match(/^<(thead|tbody|tfoot)/) && [1, "<table>", "</table>"] ||
                        !tags.indexOf("<tr") && [2, "<table><tbody>", "</tbody></table>"] ||
                        (!tags.indexOf("<td") || !tags.indexOf("<th")) && [3, "<table><tbody><tr>", "</tr></tbody></table>"] ||
                        /* anything else */                                 [0, "", ""];

                    // Go to html and back, then peel off extra wrappers
                    // Note that we always prefix with some dummy text, because otherwise, IE<9 will strip out leading comment nodes in descendants. Total madness.
                    var markup = "ignored<div>" + wrap[1] + html + wrap[2] + "</div>";
                    if (typeof window['innerShiv'] == "function") {
                        div.appendChild(window['innerShiv'](markup));
                    } else {
                        div.innerHTML = markup;
                    }

                    // Move to the right depth
                    while (wrap[0]--)
                        div = div.lastChild;

                    return ko.utils.makeArray(div.lastChild.childNodes);
                }

                function jQueryHtmlParse(html) {
                    // jQuery's "parseHTML" function was introduced in jQuery 1.8.0 and is a documented public API.
                    if (jQuery['parseHTML']) {
                        return jQuery['parseHTML'](html) || []; // Ensure we always return an array and never null
                    } else {
                        // For jQuery < 1.8.0, we fall back on the undocumented internal "clean" function.
                        var elems = jQuery['clean']([html]);

                        // As of jQuery 1.7.1, jQuery parses the HTML by appending it to some dummy parent nodes held in an in-memory document fragment.
                        // Unfortunately, it never clears the dummy parent nodes from the document fragment, so it leaks memory over time.
                        // Fix this by finding the top-most dummy parent element, and detaching it from its owner fragment.
                        if (elems && elems[0]) {
                            // Find the top-most parent element that's a direct child of a document fragment
                            var elem = elems[0];
                            while (elem.parentNode && elem.parentNode.nodeType !== 11 /* i.e., DocumentFragment */)
                                elem = elem.parentNode;
                            // ... then detach it
                            if (elem.parentNode)
                                elem.parentNode.removeChild(elem);
                        }

                        return elems;
                    }
                }

                ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment = function(html) {
                    return typeof jQuery != 'undefined' ? jQueryHtmlParse(html)   // As below, benefit from jQuery's optimisations where possible
                        : simpleHtmlParse(html); // ... otherwise, this simple logic will do in most common cases.
                };

                ko.utils.setHtml = function(node, html) {
                    ko.utils.emptyDomNode(node);

                    // There's no legitimate reason to display a stringified observable without unwrapping it, so we'll unwrap it
                    html = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(html);

                    if ((html !== null) && (html !== undefined)) {
                        if (typeof html != 'string')
                            html = html.toString();

                        // jQuery contains a lot of sophisticated code to parse arbitrary HTML fragments,
                        // for example <tr> elements which are not normally allowed to exist on their own.
                        // If you've referenced jQuery we'll use that rather than duplicating its code.
                        if (typeof jQuery != 'undefined') {
                            jQuery(node)['html'](html);
                        } else {
                            // ... otherwise, use KO's own parsing logic.
                            var parsedNodes = ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment(html);
                            for (var i = 0; i < parsedNodes.length; i++)
                                node.appendChild(parsedNodes[i]);
                        }
                    }
                };
            })();

            ko.exportSymbol('utils.parseHtmlFragment', ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment);
            ko.exportSymbol('utils.setHtml', ko.utils.setHtml);

            ko.memoization = (function() {
                var memos = {};

                function randomMax8HexChars() {
                    return (((1 + Math.random()) * 0x100000000) | 0).toString(16).substring(1);
                }

                function generateRandomId() {
                    return randomMax8HexChars() + randomMax8HexChars();
                }

                function findMemoNodes(rootNode, appendToArray) {
                    if (!rootNode)
                        return;
                    if (rootNode.nodeType == 8) {
                        var memoId = ko.memoization.parseMemoText(rootNode.nodeValue);
                        if (memoId != null)
                            appendToArray.push({ domNode: rootNode, memoId: memoId });
                    } else if (rootNode.nodeType == 1) {
                        for (var i = 0, childNodes = rootNode.childNodes, j = childNodes.length; i < j; i++)
                            findMemoNodes(childNodes[i], appendToArray);
                    }
                }

                return {
                    memoize: function(callback) {
                        if (typeof callback != "function")
                            throw new Error("You can only pass a function to ko.memoization.memoize()");
                        var memoId = generateRandomId();
                        memos[memoId] = callback;
                        return "<!--[ko_memo:" + memoId + "]-->";
                    },

                    unmemoize: function(memoId, callbackParams) {
                        var callback = memos[memoId];
                        if (callback === undefined)
                            throw new Error("Couldn't find any memo with ID " + memoId + ". Perhaps it's already been unmemoized.");
                        try {
                            callback.apply(null, callbackParams || []);
                            return true;
                        } finally {
                            delete memos[memoId];
                        }
                    },

                    unmemoizeDomNodeAndDescendants: function(domNode, extraCallbackParamsArray) {
                        var memos = [];
                        findMemoNodes(domNode, memos);
                        for (var i = 0, j = memos.length; i < j; i++) {
                            var node = memos[i].domNode;
                            var combinedParams = [node];
                            if (extraCallbackParamsArray)
                                ko.utils.arrayPushAll(combinedParams, extraCallbackParamsArray);
                            ko.memoization.unmemoize(memos[i].memoId, combinedParams);
                            node.nodeValue = ""; // Neuter this node so we don't try to unmemoize it again
                            if (node.parentNode)
                                node.parentNode.removeChild(node); // If possible, erase it totally (not always possible - someone else might just hold a reference to it then call unmemoizeDomNodeAndDescendants again)
                        }
                    },

                    parseMemoText: function(memoText) {
                        var match = memoText.match(/^\[ko_memo\:(.*?)\]$/);
                        return match ? match[1] : null;
                    }
                };
            })();

            ko.exportSymbol('memoization', ko.memoization);
            ko.exportSymbol('memoization.memoize', ko.memoization.memoize);
            ko.exportSymbol('memoization.unmemoize', ko.memoization.unmemoize);
            ko.exportSymbol('memoization.parseMemoText', ko.memoization.parseMemoText);
            ko.exportSymbol('memoization.unmemoizeDomNodeAndDescendants', ko.memoization.unmemoizeDomNodeAndDescendants);
            ko.extenders = {
                'throttle': function(target, timeout) {
                    // Throttling means two things:

                    // (1) For dependent observables, we throttle *evaluations* so that, no matter how fast its dependencies
                    //     notify updates, the target doesn't re-evaluate (and hence doesn't notify) faster than a certain rate
                    target['throttleEvaluation'] = timeout;

                    // (2) For writable targets (observables, or writable dependent observables), we throttle *writes*
                    //     so the target cannot change value synchronously or faster than a certain rate
                    var writeTimeoutInstance = null;
                    return ko.dependentObservable({
                        'read': target,
                        'write': function(value) {
                            clearTimeout(writeTimeoutInstance);
                            writeTimeoutInstance = setTimeout(function() {
                                target(value);
                            }, timeout);
                        }
                    });
                },

                'notify': function(target, notifyWhen) {
                    target["equalityComparer"] = notifyWhen == "always" ?
                        null : // null equalityComparer means to always notify
                        valuesArePrimitiveAndEqual;
                }
            };

            var primitiveTypes = { 'undefined': 1, 'boolean': 1, 'number': 1, 'string': 1 };

            function valuesArePrimitiveAndEqual(a, b) {
                var oldValueIsPrimitive = (a === null) || (typeof(a) in primitiveTypes);
                return oldValueIsPrimitive ? (a === b) : false;
            }

            function applyExtenders(requestedExtenders) {
                var target = this;
                if (requestedExtenders) {
                    ko.utils.objectForEach(requestedExtenders, function(key, value) {
                        var extenderHandler = ko.extenders[key];
                        if (typeof extenderHandler == 'function') {
                            target = extenderHandler(target, value) || target;
                        }
                    });
                }
                return target;
            }

            ko.exportSymbol('extenders', ko.extenders);

            ko.subscription = function(target, callback, disposeCallback) {
                this.target = target;
                this.callback = callback;
                this.disposeCallback = disposeCallback;
                ko.exportProperty(this, 'dispose', this.dispose);
            };
            ko.subscription.prototype.dispose = function() {
                this.isDisposed = true;
                this.disposeCallback();
            };

            ko.subscribable = function() {
                this._subscriptions = {};

                ko.utils.extend(this, ko.subscribable['fn']);
                ko.exportProperty(this, 'subscribe', this.subscribe);
                ko.exportProperty(this, 'extend', this.extend);
                ko.exportProperty(this, 'getSubscriptionsCount', this.getSubscriptionsCount);
            };
            var defaultEvent = "change";

            ko.subscribable['fn'] = {
                subscribe: function(callback, callbackTarget, event) {
                    event = event || defaultEvent;
                    var boundCallback = callbackTarget ? callback.bind(callbackTarget) : callback;

                    var subscription = new ko.subscription(this, boundCallback, function() {
                        ko.utils.arrayRemoveItem(this._subscriptions[event], subscription);
                    }.bind(this));

                    if (!this._subscriptions[event])
                        this._subscriptions[event] = [];
                    this._subscriptions[event].push(subscription);
                    return subscription;
                },

                "notifySubscribers": function(valueToNotify, event) {
                    event = event || defaultEvent;
                    if (this.hasSubscriptionsForEvent(event)) {
                        try {
                            ko.dependencyDetection.begin();
                            for (var a = this._subscriptions[event].slice(0), i = 0, subscription; subscription = a[i]; ++i) {
                                // In case a subscription was disposed during the arrayForEach cycle, check
                                // for isDisposed on each subscription before invoking its callback
                                if (subscription && (subscription.isDisposed !== true))
                                    subscription.callback(valueToNotify);
                            }
                        } finally {
                            ko.dependencyDetection.end();
                        }
                    }
                },

                hasSubscriptionsForEvent: function(event) {
                    return this._subscriptions[event] && this._subscriptions[event].length;
                },

                getSubscriptionsCount: function() {
                    var total = 0;
                    ko.utils.objectForEach(this._subscriptions, function(eventName, subscriptions) {
                        total += subscriptions.length;
                    });
                    return total;
                },

                extend: applyExtenders
            };


            ko.isSubscribable = function(instance) {
                return instance != null && typeof instance.subscribe == "function" && typeof instance["notifySubscribers"] == "function";
            };

            ko.exportSymbol('subscribable', ko.subscribable);
            ko.exportSymbol('isSubscribable', ko.isSubscribable);

            ko.dependencyDetection = (function() {
                var _frames = [];

                return {
                    begin: function(callback) {
                        _frames.push(callback && { callback: callback, distinctDependencies: [] });
                    },

                    end: function() {
                        _frames.pop();
                    },

                    registerDependency: function(subscribable) {
                        if (!ko.isSubscribable(subscribable))
                            throw new Error("Only subscribable things can act as dependencies");
                        if (_frames.length > 0) {
                            var topFrame = _frames[_frames.length - 1];
                            if (!topFrame || ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(topFrame.distinctDependencies, subscribable) >= 0)
                                return;
                            topFrame.distinctDependencies.push(subscribable);
                            topFrame.callback(subscribable);
                        }
                    },

                    ignore: function(callback, callbackTarget, callbackArgs) {
                        try {
                            _frames.push(null);
                            return callback.apply(callbackTarget, callbackArgs || []);
                        } finally {
                            _frames.pop();
                        }
                    }
                };
            })();
            ko.observable = function(initialValue) {
                var _latestValue = initialValue;

                function observable() {
                    if (arguments.length > 0) {
                        // Write

                        // Ignore writes if the value hasn't changed
                        if (!observable['equalityComparer'] || !observable['equalityComparer'](_latestValue, arguments[0])) {
                            observable.valueWillMutate();
                            _latestValue = arguments[0];
                            if (DEBUG) observable._latestValue = _latestValue;
                            observable.valueHasMutated();
                        }
                        return this; // Permits chained assignments
                    } else {
                        // Read
                        ko.dependencyDetection.registerDependency(observable); // The caller only needs to be notified of changes if they did a "read" operation
                        return _latestValue;
                    }
                }

                if (DEBUG) observable._latestValue = _latestValue;
                ko.subscribable.call(observable);
                observable.peek = function() { return _latestValue; };
                observable.valueHasMutated = function() { observable["notifySubscribers"](_latestValue); };
                observable.valueWillMutate = function() { observable["notifySubscribers"](_latestValue, "beforeChange"); };
                ko.utils.extend(observable, ko.observable['fn']);

                ko.exportProperty(observable, 'peek', observable.peek);
                ko.exportProperty(observable, "valueHasMutated", observable.valueHasMutated);
                ko.exportProperty(observable, "valueWillMutate", observable.valueWillMutate);

                return observable;
            };
            ko.observable['fn'] = {
                "equalityComparer": valuesArePrimitiveAndEqual
            };

            var protoProperty = ko.observable.protoProperty = "__ko_proto__";
            ko.observable['fn'][protoProperty] = ko.observable;

            ko.hasPrototype = function(instance, prototype) {
                if ((instance === null) || (instance === undefined) || (instance[protoProperty] === undefined)) return false;
                if (instance[protoProperty] === prototype) return true;
                return ko.hasPrototype(instance[protoProperty], prototype); // Walk the prototype chain
            };

            ko.isObservable = function(instance) {
                return ko.hasPrototype(instance, ko.observable);
            };
            ko.isWriteableObservable = function(instance) {
                // Observable
                if ((typeof instance == "function") && instance[protoProperty] === ko.observable)
                    return true;
                // Writeable dependent observable
                if ((typeof instance == "function") && (instance[protoProperty] === ko.dependentObservable) && (instance.hasWriteFunction))
                    return true;
                // Anything else
                return false;
            };
            ko.exportSymbol('observable', ko.observable);
            ko.exportSymbol('isObservable', ko.isObservable);
            ko.exportSymbol('isWriteableObservable', ko.isWriteableObservable);
            ko.observableArray = function(initialValues) {
                initialValues = initialValues || [];

                if (typeof initialValues != 'object' || !('length' in initialValues))
                    throw new Error("The argument passed when initializing an observable array must be an array, or null, or undefined.");

                var result = ko.observable(initialValues);
                ko.utils.extend(result, ko.observableArray['fn']);
                return result.extend({ 'trackArrayChanges': true });
            };

            ko.observableArray['fn'] = {
                'remove': function(valueOrPredicate) {
                    var underlyingArray = this.peek();
                    var removedValues = [];
                    var predicate = typeof valueOrPredicate == "function" && !ko.isObservable(valueOrPredicate) ? valueOrPredicate : function(value) { return value === valueOrPredicate; };
                    for (var i = 0; i < underlyingArray.length; i++) {
                        var value = underlyingArray[i];
                        if (predicate(value)) {
                            if (removedValues.length === 0) {
                                this.valueWillMutate();
                            }
                            removedValues.push(value);
                            underlyingArray.splice(i, 1);
                            i--;
                        }
                    }
                    if (removedValues.length) {
                        this.valueHasMutated();
                    }
                    return removedValues;
                },

                'removeAll': function(arrayOfValues) {
                    // If you passed zero args, we remove everything
                    if (arrayOfValues === undefined) {
                        var underlyingArray = this.peek();
                        var allValues = underlyingArray.slice(0);
                        this.valueWillMutate();
                        underlyingArray.splice(0, underlyingArray.length);
                        this.valueHasMutated();
                        return allValues;
                    }
                    // If you passed an arg, we interpret it as an array of entries to remove
                    if (!arrayOfValues)
                        return [];
                    return this['remove'](function(value) {
                        return ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(arrayOfValues, value) >= 0;
                    });
                },

                'destroy': function(valueOrPredicate) {
                    var underlyingArray = this.peek();
                    var predicate = typeof valueOrPredicate == "function" && !ko.isObservable(valueOrPredicate) ? valueOrPredicate : function(value) { return value === valueOrPredicate; };
                    this.valueWillMutate();
                    for (var i = underlyingArray.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                        var value = underlyingArray[i];
                        if (predicate(value))
                            underlyingArray[i]["_destroy"] = true;
                    }
                    this.valueHasMutated();
                },

                'destroyAll': function(arrayOfValues) {
                    // If you passed zero args, we destroy everything
                    if (arrayOfValues === undefined)
                        return this['destroy'](function() { return true; });

                    // If you passed an arg, we interpret it as an array of entries to destroy
                    if (!arrayOfValues)
                        return [];
                    return this['destroy'](function(value) {
                        return ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(arrayOfValues, value) >= 0;
                    });
                },

                'indexOf': function(item) {
                    var underlyingArray = this();
                    return ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(underlyingArray, item);
                },

                'replace': function(oldItem, newItem) {
                    var index = this['indexOf'](oldItem);
                    if (index >= 0) {
                        this.valueWillMutate();
                        this.peek()[index] = newItem;
                        this.valueHasMutated();
                    }
                }
            };

// Populate ko.observableArray.fn with read/write functions from native arrays
// Important: Do not add any additional functions here that may reasonably be used to *read* data from the array
// because we'll eval them without causing subscriptions, so ko.computed output could end up getting stale
            ko.utils.arrayForEach(["pop", "push", "reverse", "shift", "sort", "splice", "unshift"], function(methodName) {
                ko.observableArray['fn'][methodName] = function() {
                    // Use "peek" to avoid creating a subscription in any computed that we're executing in the context of
                    // (for consistency with mutating regular observables)
                    var underlyingArray = this.peek();
                    this.valueWillMutate();
                    this.cacheDiffForKnownOperation(underlyingArray, methodName, arguments);
                    var methodCallResult = underlyingArray[methodName].apply(underlyingArray, arguments);
                    this.valueHasMutated();
                    return methodCallResult;
                };
            });

// Populate ko.observableArray.fn with read-only functions from native arrays
            ko.utils.arrayForEach(["slice"], function(methodName) {
                ko.observableArray['fn'][methodName] = function() {
                    var underlyingArray = this();
                    return underlyingArray[methodName].apply(underlyingArray, arguments);
                };
            });

            ko.exportSymbol('observableArray', ko.observableArray);
            var arrayChangeEventName = 'arrayChange';
            ko.extenders['trackArrayChanges'] = function(target) {
                // Only modify the target observable once
                if (target.cacheDiffForKnownOperation) {
                    return;
                }
                var trackingChanges = false,
                    cachedDiff = null,
                    pendingNotifications = 0,
                    underlyingSubscribeFunction = target.subscribe;

                // Intercept "subscribe" calls, and for array change events, ensure change tracking is enabled
                target.subscribe = target['subscribe'] = function(callback, callbackTarget, event) {
                    if (event === arrayChangeEventName) {
                        trackChanges();
                    }
                    return underlyingSubscribeFunction.apply(this, arguments);
                };

                function trackChanges() {
                    // Calling 'trackChanges' multiple times is the same as calling it once
                    if (trackingChanges) {
                        return;
                    }

                    trackingChanges = true;

                    // Intercept "notifySubscribers" to track how many times it was called.
                    var underlyingNotifySubscribersFunction = target['notifySubscribers'];
                    target['notifySubscribers'] = function(valueToNotify, event) {
                        if (!event || event === defaultEvent) {
                            ++pendingNotifications;
                        }
                        return underlyingNotifySubscribersFunction.apply(this, arguments);
                    };

                    // Each time the array changes value, capture a clone so that on the next
                    // change it's possible to produce a diff
                    var previousContents = [].concat(target.peek() || []);
                    cachedDiff = null;
                    target.subscribe(function(currentContents) {
                        // Make a copy of the current contents and ensure it's an array
                        currentContents = [].concat(currentContents || []);

                        // Compute the diff and issue notifications, but only if someone is listening
                        if (target.hasSubscriptionsForEvent(arrayChangeEventName)) {
                            var changes = getChanges(previousContents, currentContents);
                            if (changes.length) {
                                target['notifySubscribers'](changes, arrayChangeEventName);
                            }
                        }

                        // Eliminate references to the old, removed items, so they can be GCed
                        previousContents = currentContents;
                        cachedDiff = null;
                        pendingNotifications = 0;
                    });
                }

                function getChanges(previousContents, currentContents) {
                    // We try to re-use cached diffs.
                    // The only scenario where pendingNotifications > 1 is when using the KO 'deferred updates' plugin,
                    // which without this check would not be compatible with arrayChange notifications. Without that
                    // plugin, notifications are always issued immediately so we wouldn't be queueing up more than one.
                    if (!cachedDiff || pendingNotifications > 1) {
                        cachedDiff = ko.utils.compareArrays(previousContents, currentContents, { 'sparse': true });
                    }

                    return cachedDiff;
                }

                target.cacheDiffForKnownOperation = function(rawArray, operationName, args) {
                    // Only run if we're currently tracking changes for this observable array
                    // and there aren't any pending deferred notifications.
                    if (!trackingChanges || pendingNotifications) {
                        return;
                    }
                    var diff = [],
                        arrayLength = rawArray.length,
                        argsLength = args.length,
                        offset = 0;

                    function pushDiff(status, value, index) {
                        diff.push({ 'status': status, 'value': value, 'index': index });
                    }

                    switch (operationName) {
                    case 'push':
                        offset = arrayLength;
                    case 'unshift':
                        for (var index = 0; index < argsLength; index++) {
                            pushDiff('added', args[index], offset + index);
                        }
                        break;
                    case 'pop':
                        offset = arrayLength - 1;
                    case 'shift':
                        if (arrayLength) {
                            pushDiff('deleted', rawArray[offset], offset);
                        }
                        break;
                    case 'splice':
                        // Negative start index means 'from end of array'. After that we clamp to [0...arrayLength].
                        // See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice
                        var startIndex = Math.min(Math.max(0, args[0] < 0 ? arrayLength + args[0] : args[0]), arrayLength),
                            endDeleteIndex = argsLength === 1 ? arrayLength : Math.min(startIndex + (args[1] || 0), arrayLength),
                            endAddIndex = startIndex + argsLength - 2,
                            endIndex = Math.max(endDeleteIndex, endAddIndex);
                        for (var index = startIndex, argsIndex = 2; index < endIndex; ++index, ++argsIndex) {
                            if (index < endDeleteIndex)
                                pushDiff('deleted', rawArray[index], index);
                            if (index < endAddIndex)
                                pushDiff('added', args[argsIndex], index);
                        }
                        break;
                    default:
                        return;
                    }
                    cachedDiff = diff;
                };
            };
            ko.dependentObservable = function(evaluatorFunctionOrOptions, evaluatorFunctionTarget, options) {
                var _latestValue,
                    _hasBeenEvaluated = false,
                    _isBeingEvaluated = false,
                    _suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse = false,
                    readFunction = evaluatorFunctionOrOptions;

                if (readFunction && typeof readFunction == "object") {
                    // Single-parameter syntax - everything is on this "options" param
                    options = readFunction;
                    readFunction = options["read"];
                } else {
                    // Multi-parameter syntax - construct the options according to the params passed
                    options = options || {};
                    if (!readFunction)
                        readFunction = options["read"];
                }
                if (typeof readFunction != "function")
                    throw new Error("Pass a function that returns the value of the ko.computed");

                function addSubscriptionToDependency(subscribable) {
                    _subscriptionsToDependencies.push(subscribable.subscribe(evaluatePossiblyAsync));
                }

                function disposeAllSubscriptionsToDependencies() {
                    ko.utils.arrayForEach(_subscriptionsToDependencies, function(subscription) {
                        subscription.dispose();
                    });
                    _subscriptionsToDependencies = [];
                }

                function evaluatePossiblyAsync() {
                    var throttleEvaluationTimeout = dependentObservable['throttleEvaluation'];
                    if (throttleEvaluationTimeout && throttleEvaluationTimeout >= 0) {
                        clearTimeout(evaluationTimeoutInstance);
                        evaluationTimeoutInstance = setTimeout(evaluateImmediate, throttleEvaluationTimeout);
                    } else
                        evaluateImmediate();
                }

                function evaluateImmediate() {
                    if (_isBeingEvaluated) {
                        // If the evaluation of a ko.computed causes side effects, it's possible that it will trigger its own re-evaluation.
                        // This is not desirable (it's hard for a developer to realise a chain of dependencies might cause this, and they almost
                        // certainly didn't intend infinite re-evaluations). So, for predictability, we simply prevent ko.computeds from causing
                        // their own re-evaluation. Further discussion at https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/pull/387
                        return;
                    }

                    if (disposeWhen && disposeWhen()) {
                        // See comment below about _suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse
                        if (!_suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse) {
                            dispose();
                            _hasBeenEvaluated = true;
                            return;
                        }
                    } else {
                        // It just did return false, so we can stop suppressing now
                        _suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse = false;
                    }

                    _isBeingEvaluated = true;
                    try {
                        // Initially, we assume that none of the subscriptions are still being used (i.e., all are candidates for disposal).
                        // Then, during evaluation, we cross off any that are in fact still being used.
                        var disposalCandidates = ko.utils.arrayMap(_subscriptionsToDependencies, function(item) { return item.target; });

                        ko.dependencyDetection.begin(function(subscribable) {
                            var inOld;
                            if ((inOld = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(disposalCandidates, subscribable)) >= 0)
                                disposalCandidates[inOld] = undefined; // Don't want to dispose this subscription, as it's still being used
                            else
                                addSubscriptionToDependency(subscribable); // Brand new subscription - add it
                        });

                        var newValue = evaluatorFunctionTarget ? readFunction.call(evaluatorFunctionTarget) : readFunction();

                        // For each subscription no longer being used, remove it from the active subscriptions list and dispose it
                        for (var i = disposalCandidates.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            if (disposalCandidates[i])
                                _subscriptionsToDependencies.splice(i, 1)[0].dispose();
                        }
                        _hasBeenEvaluated = true;

                        if (!dependentObservable['equalityComparer'] || !dependentObservable['equalityComparer'](_latestValue, newValue)) {
                            dependentObservable["notifySubscribers"](_latestValue, "beforeChange");

                            _latestValue = newValue;
                            if (DEBUG) dependentObservable._latestValue = _latestValue;
                            dependentObservable["notifySubscribers"](_latestValue);
                        }
                    } finally {
                        ko.dependencyDetection.end();
                        _isBeingEvaluated = false;
                    }

                    if (!_subscriptionsToDependencies.length)
                        dispose();
                }

                function dependentObservable() {
                    if (arguments.length > 0) {
                        if (typeof writeFunction === "function") {
                            // Writing a value
                            writeFunction.apply(evaluatorFunctionTarget, arguments);
                        } else {
                            throw new Error("Cannot write a value to a ko.computed unless you specify a 'write' option. If you wish to read the current value, don't pass any parameters.");
                        }
                        return this; // Permits chained assignments
                    } else {
                        // Reading the value
                        if (!_hasBeenEvaluated)
                            evaluateImmediate();
                        ko.dependencyDetection.registerDependency(dependentObservable);
                        return _latestValue;
                    }
                }

                function peek() {
                    if (!_hasBeenEvaluated)
                        evaluateImmediate();
                    return _latestValue;
                }

                function isActive() {
                    return !_hasBeenEvaluated || _subscriptionsToDependencies.length > 0;
                }

                // By here, "options" is always non-null
                var writeFunction = options["write"],
                    disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved = options["disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved"] || options.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved || null,
                    disposeWhenOption = options["disposeWhen"] || options.disposeWhen,
                    disposeWhen = disposeWhenOption,
                    dispose = disposeAllSubscriptionsToDependencies,
                    _subscriptionsToDependencies = [],
                    evaluationTimeoutInstance = null;

                if (!evaluatorFunctionTarget)
                    evaluatorFunctionTarget = options["owner"];

                dependentObservable.peek = peek;
                dependentObservable.getDependenciesCount = function() { return _subscriptionsToDependencies.length; };
                dependentObservable.hasWriteFunction = typeof options["write"] === "function";
                dependentObservable.dispose = function() { dispose(); };
                dependentObservable.isActive = isActive;

                ko.subscribable.call(dependentObservable);
                ko.utils.extend(dependentObservable, ko.dependentObservable['fn']);

                ko.exportProperty(dependentObservable, 'peek', dependentObservable.peek);
                ko.exportProperty(dependentObservable, 'dispose', dependentObservable.dispose);
                ko.exportProperty(dependentObservable, 'isActive', dependentObservable.isActive);
                ko.exportProperty(dependentObservable, 'getDependenciesCount', dependentObservable.getDependenciesCount);

                // Add a "disposeWhen" callback that, on each evaluation, disposes if the node was removed without using ko.removeNode.
                if (disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved) {
                    // Since this computed is associated with a DOM node, and we don't want to dispose the computed
                    // until the DOM node is *removed* from the document (as opposed to never having been in the document),
                    // we'll prevent disposal until "disposeWhen" first returns false.
                    _suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse = true;

                    // Only watch for the node's disposal if the value really is a node. It might not be,
                    // e.g., { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: true } can be used to opt into the "only dispose
                    // after first false result" behaviour even if there's no specific node to watch. This
                    // technique is intended for KO's internal use only and shouldn't be documented or used
                    // by application code, as it's likely to change in a future version of KO.
                    if (disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved.nodeType) {
                        disposeWhen = function() {
                            return !ko.utils.domNodeIsAttachedToDocument(disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved) || (disposeWhenOption && disposeWhenOption());
                        };
                    }
                }

                // Evaluate, unless deferEvaluation is true
                if (options['deferEvaluation'] !== true)
                    evaluateImmediate();

                // Attach a DOM node disposal callback so that the computed will be proactively disposed as soon as the node is
                // removed using ko.removeNode. But skip if isActive is false (there will never be any dependencies to dispose).
                if (disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved && isActive()) {
                    dispose = function() {
                        ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.removeDisposeCallback(disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved, dispose);
                        disposeAllSubscriptionsToDependencies();
                    };
                    ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback(disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved, dispose);
                }

                return dependentObservable;
            };

            ko.isComputed = function(instance) {
                return ko.hasPrototype(instance, ko.dependentObservable);
            };

            var protoProp = ko.observable.protoProperty; // == "__ko_proto__"
            ko.dependentObservable[protoProp] = ko.observable;

            ko.dependentObservable['fn'] = {
                "equalityComparer": valuesArePrimitiveAndEqual
            };
            ko.dependentObservable['fn'][protoProp] = ko.dependentObservable;

            ko.exportSymbol('dependentObservable', ko.dependentObservable);
            ko.exportSymbol('computed', ko.dependentObservable); // Make "ko.computed" an alias for "ko.dependentObservable"
            ko.exportSymbol('isComputed', ko.isComputed);

            (function() {
                var maxNestedObservableDepth = 10; // Escape the (unlikely) pathalogical case where an observable's current value is itself (or similar reference cycle)

                ko.toJS = function(rootObject) {
                    if (arguments.length == 0)
                        throw new Error("When calling ko.toJS, pass the object you want to convert.");

                    // We just unwrap everything at every level in the object graph
                    return mapJsObjectGraph(rootObject, function(valueToMap) {
                        // Loop because an observable's value might in turn be another observable wrapper
                        for (var i = 0; ko.isObservable(valueToMap) && (i < maxNestedObservableDepth); i++)
                            valueToMap = valueToMap();
                        return valueToMap;
                    });
                };

                ko.toJSON = function(rootObject, replacer, space) { // replacer and space are optional
                    var plainJavaScriptObject = ko.toJS(rootObject);
                    return ko.utils.stringifyJson(plainJavaScriptObject, replacer, space);
                };

                function mapJsObjectGraph(rootObject, mapInputCallback, visitedObjects) {
                    visitedObjects = visitedObjects || new objectLookup();

                    rootObject = mapInputCallback(rootObject);
                    var canHaveProperties = (typeof rootObject == "object") && (rootObject !== null) && (rootObject !== undefined) && (!(rootObject instanceof Date)) && (!(rootObject instanceof String)) && (!(rootObject instanceof Number)) && (!(rootObject instanceof Boolean));
                    if (!canHaveProperties)
                        return rootObject;

                    var outputProperties = rootObject instanceof Array ? [] : {};
                    visitedObjects.save(rootObject, outputProperties);

                    visitPropertiesOrArrayEntries(rootObject, function(indexer) {
                        var propertyValue = mapInputCallback(rootObject[indexer]);

                        switch (typeof propertyValue) {
                        case "boolean":
                        case "number":
                        case "string":
                        case "function":
                            outputProperties[indexer] = propertyValue;
                            break;
                        case "object":
                        case "undefined":
                            var previouslyMappedValue = visitedObjects.get(propertyValue);
                            outputProperties[indexer] = (previouslyMappedValue !== undefined)
                                ? previouslyMappedValue
                                : mapJsObjectGraph(propertyValue, mapInputCallback, visitedObjects);
                            break;
                        }
                    });

                    return outputProperties;
                }

                function visitPropertiesOrArrayEntries(rootObject, visitorCallback) {
                    if (rootObject instanceof Array) {
                        for (var i = 0; i < rootObject.length; i++)
                            visitorCallback(i);

                        // For arrays, also respect toJSON property for custom mappings (fixes #278)
                        if (typeof rootObject['toJSON'] == 'function')
                            visitorCallback('toJSON');
                    } else {
                        for (var propertyName in rootObject) {
                            visitorCallback(propertyName);
                        }
                    }
                }

                ;

                function objectLookup() {
                    this.keys = [];
                    this.values = [];
                }

                ;

                objectLookup.prototype = {
                    constructor: objectLookup,
                    save: function(key, value) {
                        var existingIndex = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(this.keys, key);
                        if (existingIndex >= 0)
                            this.values[existingIndex] = value;
                        else {
                            this.keys.push(key);
                            this.values.push(value);
                        }
                    },
                    get: function(key) {
                        var existingIndex = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(this.keys, key);
                        return (existingIndex >= 0) ? this.values[existingIndex] : undefined;
                    }
                };
            })();

            ko.exportSymbol('toJS', ko.toJS);
            ko.exportSymbol('toJSON', ko.toJSON);
            (function() {
                var hasDomDataExpandoProperty = '__ko__hasDomDataOptionValue__';

                // Normally, SELECT elements and their OPTIONs can only take value of type 'string' (because the values
                // are stored on DOM attributes). ko.selectExtensions provides a way for SELECTs/OPTIONs to have values
                // that are arbitrary objects. This is very convenient when implementing things like cascading dropdowns.
                ko.selectExtensions = {
                    readValue: function(element) {
                        switch (ko.utils.tagNameLower(element)) {
                        case 'option':
                            if (element[hasDomDataExpandoProperty] === true)
                                return ko.utils.domData.get(element, ko.bindingHandlers.options.optionValueDomDataKey);
                            return ko.utils.ieVersion <= 7
                                ? (element.getAttributeNode('value') && element.getAttributeNode('value').specified ? element.value : element.text)
                                : element.value;
                        case 'select':
                            return element.selectedIndex >= 0 ? ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element.options[element.selectedIndex]) : undefined;
                        default:
                            return element.value;
                        }
                    },

                    writeValue: function(element, value) {
                        switch (ko.utils.tagNameLower(element)) {
                        case 'option':
                            switch (typeof value) {
                            case "string":
                                ko.utils.domData.set(element, ko.bindingHandlers.options.optionValueDomDataKey, undefined);
                                if (hasDomDataExpandoProperty in element) { // IE <= 8 throws errors if you delete non-existent properties from a DOM node
                                    delete element[hasDomDataExpandoProperty];
                                }
                                element.value = value;
                                break;
                            default:
                                // Store arbitrary object using DomData
                                ko.utils.domData.set(element, ko.bindingHandlers.options.optionValueDomDataKey, value);
                                element[hasDomDataExpandoProperty] = true;

                                // Special treatment of numbers is just for backward compatibility. KO 1.2.1 wrote numerical values to element.value.
                                element.value = typeof value === "number" ? value : "";
                                break;
                            }
                            break;
                        case 'select':
                            if (value === "")
                                value = undefined;
                            if (value === null || value === undefined)
                                element.selectedIndex = -1;
                            for (var i = element.options.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                                if (ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element.options[i]) == value) {
                                    element.selectedIndex = i;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                            // for drop-down select, ensure first is selected
                            if (!(element.size > 1) && element.selectedIndex === -1) {
                                element.selectedIndex = 0;
                            }
                            break;
                        default:
                            if ((value === null) || (value === undefined))
                                value = "";
                            element.value = value;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                };
            })();

            ko.exportSymbol('selectExtensions', ko.selectExtensions);
            ko.exportSymbol('selectExtensions.readValue', ko.selectExtensions.readValue);
            ko.exportSymbol('selectExtensions.writeValue', ko.selectExtensions.writeValue);
            ko.expressionRewriting = (function() {
                var javaScriptReservedWords = ["true", "false", "null", "undefined"];

                // Matches something that can be assigned to--either an isolated identifier or something ending with a property accessor
                // This is designed to be simple and avoid false negatives, but could produce false positives (e.g., a+b.c).
                // This also will not properly handle nested brackets (e.g., obj1[obj2['prop']]; see #911).
                var javaScriptAssignmentTarget = /^(?:[$_a-z][$\w]*|(.+)(\.\s*[$_a-z][$\w]*|\[.+\]))$/i;

                function getWriteableValue(expression) {
                    if (ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(javaScriptReservedWords, expression) >= 0)
                        return false;
                    var match = expression.match(javaScriptAssignmentTarget);
                    return match === null ? false : match[1] ? ('Object(' + match[1] + ')' + match[2]) : expression;
                }

                // The following regular expressions will be used to split an object-literal string into tokens

                // These two match strings, either with double quotes or single quotes
                var stringDouble = '"(?:[^"\\\\]|\\\\.)*"',
                    stringSingle = "'(?:[^'\\\\]|\\\\.)*'",
                    // Matches a regular expression (text enclosed by slashes), but will also match sets of divisions
                    // as a regular expression (this is handled by the parsing loop below).
                    stringRegexp = '/(?:[^/\\\\]|\\\\.)*/\w*',
                    // These characters have special meaning to the parser and must not appear in the middle of a
                    // token, except as part of a string.
                    specials = ',"\'{}()/:[\\]',
                    // Match text (at least two characters) that does not contain any of the above special characters,
                    // although some of the special characters are allowed to start it (all but the colon and comma).
                    // The text can contain spaces, but leading or trailing spaces are skipped.
                    everyThingElse = '[^\\s:,/][^' + specials + ']*[^\\s' + specials + ']',
                    // Match any non-space character not matched already. This will match colons and commas, since they're
                    // not matched by "everyThingElse", but will also match any other single character that wasn't already
                    // matched (for example: in "a: 1, b: 2", each of the non-space characters will be matched by oneNotSpace).
                    oneNotSpace = '[^\\s]',
                    // Create the actual regular expression by or-ing the above strings. The order is important.
                    bindingToken = RegExp(stringDouble + '|' + stringSingle + '|' + stringRegexp + '|' + everyThingElse + '|' + oneNotSpace, 'g'),
                    // Match end of previous token to determine whether a slash is a division or regex.
                    divisionLookBehind = /[\])"'A-Za-z0-9_$]+$/,
                    keywordRegexLookBehind = { 'in': 1, 'return': 1, 'typeof': 1 };

                function parseObjectLiteral(objectLiteralString) {
                    // Trim leading and trailing spaces from the string
                    var str = ko.utils.stringTrim(objectLiteralString);

                    // Trim braces '{' surrounding the whole object literal
                    if (str.charCodeAt(0) === 123) str = str.slice(1, -1);

                    // Split into tokens
                    var result = [], toks = str.match(bindingToken), key, values, depth = 0;

                    if (toks) {
                        // Append a comma so that we don't need a separate code block to deal with the last item
                        toks.push(',');

                        for (var i = 0, tok; tok = toks[i]; ++i) {
                            var c = tok.charCodeAt(0);
                            // A comma signals the end of a key/value pair if depth is zero
                            if (c === 44) { // ","
                                if (depth <= 0) {
                                    if (key)
                                        result.push(values ? { key: key, value: values.join('') } : { 'unknown': key });
                                    key = values = depth = 0;
                                    continue;
                                }
                                // Simply skip the colon that separates the name and value
                            } else if (c === 58) { // ":"
                                if (!values)
                                    continue;
                                // A set of slashes is initially matched as a regular expression, but could be division
                            } else if (c === 47 && i && tok.length > 1) { // "/"
                                // Look at the end of the previous token to determine if the slash is actually division
                                var match = toks[i - 1].match(divisionLookBehind);
                                if (match && !keywordRegexLookBehind[match[0]]) {
                                    // The slash is actually a division punctuator; re-parse the remainder of the string (not including the slash)
                                    str = str.substr(str.indexOf(tok) + 1);
                                    toks = str.match(bindingToken);
                                    toks.push(',');
                                    i = -1;
                                    // Continue with just the slash
                                    tok = '/';
                                }
                                // Increment depth for parentheses, braces, and brackets so that interior commas are ignored
                            } else if (c === 40 || c === 123 || c === 91) { // '(', '{', '['
                                ++depth;
                            } else if (c === 41 || c === 125 || c === 93) { // ')', '}', ']'
                                --depth;
                                // The key must be a single token; if it's a string, trim the quotes
                            } else if (!key && !values) {
                                key = (c === 34 || c === 39) /* '"', "'" */ ? tok.slice(1, -1) : tok;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (values)
                                values.push(tok);
                            else
                                values = [tok];
                        }
                    }
                    return result;
                }

                // Two-way bindings include a write function that allow the handler to update the value even if it's not an observable.
                var twoWayBindings = {};

                function preProcessBindings(bindingsStringOrKeyValueArray, bindingOptions) {
                    bindingOptions = bindingOptions || {};

                    function processKeyValue(key, val) {
                        var writableVal;

                        function callPreprocessHook(obj) {
                            return (obj && obj['preprocess']) ? (val = obj['preprocess'](val, key, processKeyValue)) : true;
                        }

                        if (!callPreprocessHook(ko['getBindingHandler'](key)))
                            return;

                        if (twoWayBindings[key] && (writableVal = getWriteableValue(val))) {
                            // For two-way bindings, provide a write method in case the value
                            // isn't a writable observable.
                            propertyAccessorResultStrings.push("'" + key + "':function(_z){" + writableVal + "=_z}");
                        }

                        // Values are wrapped in a function so that each value can be accessed independently
                        if (makeValueAccessors) {
                            val = 'function(){return ' + val + ' }';
                        }
                        resultStrings.push("'" + key + "':" + val);
                    }

                    var resultStrings = [],
                        propertyAccessorResultStrings = [],
                        makeValueAccessors = bindingOptions['valueAccessors'],
                        keyValueArray = typeof bindingsStringOrKeyValueArray === "string" ?
                            parseObjectLiteral(bindingsStringOrKeyValueArray) : bindingsStringOrKeyValueArray;

                    ko.utils.arrayForEach(keyValueArray, function(keyValue) {
                        processKeyValue(keyValue.key || keyValue['unknown'], keyValue.value);
                    });

                    if (propertyAccessorResultStrings.length)
                        processKeyValue('_ko_property_writers', "{" + propertyAccessorResultStrings.join(",") + "}");

                    return resultStrings.join(",");
                }

                return {
                    bindingRewriteValidators: [],

                    twoWayBindings: twoWayBindings,

                    parseObjectLiteral: parseObjectLiteral,

                    preProcessBindings: preProcessBindings,

                    keyValueArrayContainsKey: function(keyValueArray, key) {
                        for (var i = 0; i < keyValueArray.length; i++)
                            if (keyValueArray[i]['key'] == key)
                                return true;
                        return false;
                    },

                    // Internal, private KO utility for updating model properties from within bindings
                    // property:            If the property being updated is (or might be) an observable, pass it here
                    //                      If it turns out to be a writable observable, it will be written to directly
                    // allBindings:         An object with a get method to retrieve bindings in the current execution context.
                    //                      This will be searched for a '_ko_property_writers' property in case you're writing to a non-observable
                    // key:                 The key identifying the property to be written. Example: for { hasFocus: myValue }, write to 'myValue' by specifying the key 'hasFocus'
                    // value:               The value to be written
                    // checkIfDifferent:    If true, and if the property being written is a writable observable, the value will only be written if
                    //                      it is !== existing value on that writable observable
                    writeValueToProperty: function(property, allBindings, key, value, checkIfDifferent) {
                        if (!property || !ko.isObservable(property)) {
                            var propWriters = allBindings.get('_ko_property_writers');
                            if (propWriters && propWriters[key])
                                propWriters[key](value);
                        } else if (ko.isWriteableObservable(property) && (!checkIfDifferent || property.peek() !== value)) {
                            property(value);
                        }
                    }
                };
            })();

            ko.exportSymbol('expressionRewriting', ko.expressionRewriting);
            ko.exportSymbol('expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators', ko.expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators);
            ko.exportSymbol('expressionRewriting.parseObjectLiteral', ko.expressionRewriting.parseObjectLiteral);
            ko.exportSymbol('expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings', ko.expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings);

// Making bindings explicitly declare themselves as "two way" isn't ideal in the long term (it would be better if
// all bindings could use an official 'property writer' API without needing to declare that they might). However,
// since this is not, and has never been, a public API (_ko_property_writers was never documented), it's acceptable
// as an internal implementation detail in the short term.
// For those developers who rely on _ko_property_writers in their custom bindings, we expose _twoWayBindings as an
// undocumented feature that makes it relatively easy to upgrade to KO 3.0. However, this is still not an official
// public API, and we reserve the right to remove it at any time if we create a real public property writers API.
            ko.exportSymbol('expressionRewriting._twoWayBindings', ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings);

// For backward compatibility, define the following aliases. (Previously, these function names were misleading because
// they referred to JSON specifically, even though they actually work with arbitrary JavaScript object literal expressions.)
            ko.exportSymbol('jsonExpressionRewriting', ko.expressionRewriting);
            ko.exportSymbol('jsonExpressionRewriting.insertPropertyAccessorsIntoJson', ko.expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings);
            (function() {
                // "Virtual elements" is an abstraction on top of the usual DOM API which understands the notion that comment nodes
                // may be used to represent hierarchy (in addition to the DOM's natural hierarchy).
                // If you call the DOM-manipulating functions on ko.virtualElements, you will be able to read and write the state
                // of that virtual hierarchy
                //
                // The point of all this is to support containerless templates (e.g., <!-- ko foreach:someCollection -->blah<!-- /ko -->)
                // without having to scatter special cases all over the binding and templating code.

                // IE 9 cannot reliably read the "nodeValue" property of a comment node (see https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/186)
                // but it does give them a nonstandard alternative property called "text" that it can read reliably. Other browsers don't have that property.
                // So, use node.text where available, and node.nodeValue elsewhere
                var commentNodesHaveTextProperty = document && document.createComment("test").text === "<!--test-->";

                var startCommentRegex = commentNodesHaveTextProperty ? /^<!--\s*ko(?:\s+([\s\S]+))?\s*-->$/ : /^\s*ko(?:\s+([\s\S]+))?\s*$/;
                var endCommentRegex = commentNodesHaveTextProperty ? /^<!--\s*\/ko\s*-->$/ : /^\s*\/ko\s*$/;
                var htmlTagsWithOptionallyClosingChildren = { 'ul': true, 'ol': true };

                function isStartComment(node) {
                    return (node.nodeType == 8) && startCommentRegex.test(commentNodesHaveTextProperty ? node.text : node.nodeValue);
                }

                function isEndComment(node) {
                    return (node.nodeType == 8) && endCommentRegex.test(commentNodesHaveTextProperty ? node.text : node.nodeValue);
                }

                function getVirtualChildren(startComment, allowUnbalanced) {
                    var currentNode = startComment;
                    var depth = 1;
                    var children = [];
                    while (currentNode = currentNode.nextSibling) {
                        if (isEndComment(currentNode)) {
                            depth--;
                            if (depth === 0)
                                return children;
                        }

                        children.push(currentNode);

                        if (isStartComment(currentNode))
                            depth++;
                    }
                    if (!allowUnbalanced)
                        throw new Error("Cannot find closing comment tag to match: " + startComment.nodeValue);
                    return null;
                }

                function getMatchingEndComment(startComment, allowUnbalanced) {
                    var allVirtualChildren = getVirtualChildren(startComment, allowUnbalanced);
                    if (allVirtualChildren) {
                        if (allVirtualChildren.length > 0)
                            return allVirtualChildren[allVirtualChildren.length - 1].nextSibling;
                        return startComment.nextSibling;
                    } else
                        return null; // Must have no matching end comment, and allowUnbalanced is true
                }

                function getUnbalancedChildTags(node) {
                    // e.g., from <div>OK</div><!-- ko blah --><span>Another</span>, returns: <!-- ko blah --><span>Another</span>
                    //       from <div>OK</div><!-- /ko --><!-- /ko -->,             returns: <!-- /ko --><!-- /ko -->
                    var childNode = node.firstChild, captureRemaining = null;
                    if (childNode) {
                        do {
                            if (captureRemaining)                   // We already hit an unbalanced node and are now just scooping up all subsequent nodes
                                captureRemaining.push(childNode);
                            else if (isStartComment(childNode)) {
                                var matchingEndComment = getMatchingEndComment(childNode, /* allowUnbalanced: */ true);
                                if (matchingEndComment)             // It's a balanced tag, so skip immediately to the end of this virtual set
                                    childNode = matchingEndComment;
                                else
                                    captureRemaining = [childNode]; // It's unbalanced, so start capturing from this point
                            } else if (isEndComment(childNode)) {
                                captureRemaining = [childNode]; // It's unbalanced (if it wasn't, we'd have skipped over it already), so start capturing
                            }
                        } while (childNode = childNode.nextSibling);
                    }
                    return captureRemaining;
                }

                ko.virtualElements = {
                    allowedBindings: {},

                    childNodes: function(node) {
                        return isStartComment(node) ? getVirtualChildren(node) : node.childNodes;
                    },

                    emptyNode: function(node) {
                        if (!isStartComment(node))
                            ko.utils.emptyDomNode(node);
                        else {
                            var virtualChildren = ko.virtualElements.childNodes(node);
                            for (var i = 0, j = virtualChildren.length; i < j; i++)
                                ko.removeNode(virtualChildren[i]);
                        }
                    },

                    setDomNodeChildren: function(node, childNodes) {
                        if (!isStartComment(node))
                            ko.utils.setDomNodeChildren(node, childNodes);
                        else {
                            ko.virtualElements.emptyNode(node);
                            var endCommentNode = node.nextSibling; // Must be the next sibling, as we just emptied the children
                            for (var i = 0, j = childNodes.length; i < j; i++)
                                endCommentNode.parentNode.insertBefore(childNodes[i], endCommentNode);
                        }
                    },

                    prepend: function(containerNode, nodeToPrepend) {
                        if (!isStartComment(containerNode)) {
                            if (containerNode.firstChild)
                                containerNode.insertBefore(nodeToPrepend, containerNode.firstChild);
                            else
                                containerNode.appendChild(nodeToPrepend);
                        } else {
                            // Start comments must always have a parent and at least one following sibling (the end comment)
                            containerNode.parentNode.insertBefore(nodeToPrepend, containerNode.nextSibling);
                        }
                    },

                    insertAfter: function(containerNode, nodeToInsert, insertAfterNode) {
                        if (!insertAfterNode) {
                            ko.virtualElements.prepend(containerNode, nodeToInsert);
                        } else if (!isStartComment(containerNode)) {
                            // Insert after insertion point
                            if (insertAfterNode.nextSibling)
                                containerNode.insertBefore(nodeToInsert, insertAfterNode.nextSibling);
                            else
                                containerNode.appendChild(nodeToInsert);
                        } else {
                            // Children of start comments must always have a parent and at least one following sibling (the end comment)
                            containerNode.parentNode.insertBefore(nodeToInsert, insertAfterNode.nextSibling);
                        }
                    },

                    firstChild: function(node) {
                        if (!isStartComment(node))
                            return node.firstChild;
                        if (!node.nextSibling || isEndComment(node.nextSibling))
                            return null;
                        return node.nextSibling;
                    },

                    nextSibling: function(node) {
                        if (isStartComment(node))
                            node = getMatchingEndComment(node);
                        if (node.nextSibling && isEndComment(node.nextSibling))
                            return null;
                        return node.nextSibling;
                    },

                    hasBindingValue: isStartComment,

                    virtualNodeBindingValue: function(node) {
                        var regexMatch = (commentNodesHaveTextProperty ? node.text : node.nodeValue).match(startCommentRegex);
                        return regexMatch ? regexMatch[1] : null;
                    },

                    normaliseVirtualElementDomStructure: function(elementVerified) {
                        // Workaround for https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/155
                        // (IE <= 8 or IE 9 quirks mode parses your HTML weirdly, treating closing </li> tags as if they don't exist, thereby moving comment nodes
                        // that are direct descendants of <ul> into the preceding <li>)
                        if (!htmlTagsWithOptionallyClosingChildren[ko.utils.tagNameLower(elementVerified)])
                            return;

                        // Scan immediate children to see if they contain unbalanced comment tags. If they do, those comment tags
                        // must be intended to appear *after* that child, so move them there.
                        var childNode = elementVerified.firstChild;
                        if (childNode) {
                            do {
                                if (childNode.nodeType === 1) {
                                    var unbalancedTags = getUnbalancedChildTags(childNode);
                                    if (unbalancedTags) {
                                        // Fix up the DOM by moving the unbalanced tags to where they most likely were intended to be placed - *after* the child
                                        var nodeToInsertBefore = childNode.nextSibling;
                                        for (var i = 0; i < unbalancedTags.length; i++) {
                                            if (nodeToInsertBefore)
                                                elementVerified.insertBefore(unbalancedTags[i], nodeToInsertBefore);
                                            else
                                                elementVerified.appendChild(unbalancedTags[i]);
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            } while (childNode = childNode.nextSibling);
                        }
                    }
                };
            })();
            ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements', ko.virtualElements);
            ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.allowedBindings', ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings);
            ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.emptyNode', ko.virtualElements.emptyNode);
//ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.firstChild', ko.virtualElements.firstChild);     // firstChild is not minified
            ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.insertAfter', ko.virtualElements.insertAfter);
//ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.nextSibling', ko.virtualElements.nextSibling);   // nextSibling is not minified
            ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.prepend', ko.virtualElements.prepend);
            ko.exportSymbol('virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren', ko.virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren);
            (function() {
                var defaultBindingAttributeName = "data-bind";

                ko.bindingProvider = function() {
                    this.bindingCache = {};
                };

                ko.utils.extend(ko.bindingProvider.prototype, {
                    'nodeHasBindings': function(node) {
                        switch (node.nodeType) {
                        case 1:
                            return node.getAttribute(defaultBindingAttributeName) != null;
// Element
                        case 8:
                            return ko.virtualElements.hasBindingValue(node);
// Comment node
                        default:
                            return false;
                        }
                    },

                    'getBindings': function(node, bindingContext) {
                        var bindingsString = this['getBindingsString'](node, bindingContext);
                        return bindingsString ? this['parseBindingsString'](bindingsString, bindingContext, node) : null;
                    },

                    'getBindingAccessors': function(node, bindingContext) {
                        var bindingsString = this['getBindingsString'](node, bindingContext);
                        return bindingsString ? this['parseBindingsString'](bindingsString, bindingContext, node, { 'valueAccessors': true }) : null;
                    },

                    // The following function is only used internally by this default provider.
                    // It's not part of the interface definition for a general binding provider.
                    'getBindingsString': function(node, bindingContext) {
                        switch (node.nodeType) {
                        case 1:
                            return node.getAttribute(defaultBindingAttributeName);
// Element
                        case 8:
                            return ko.virtualElements.virtualNodeBindingValue(node);
// Comment node
                        default:
                            return null;
                        }
                    },

                    // The following function is only used internally by this default provider.
                    // It's not part of the interface definition for a general binding provider.
                    'parseBindingsString': function(bindingsString, bindingContext, node, options) {
                        try {
                            var bindingFunction = createBindingsStringEvaluatorViaCache(bindingsString, this.bindingCache, options);
                            return bindingFunction(bindingContext, node);
                        } catch(ex) {
                            ex.message = "Unable to parse bindings.\nBindings value: " + bindingsString + "\nMessage: " + ex.message;
                            throw ex;
                        }
                    }
                });

                ko.bindingProvider['instance'] = new ko.bindingProvider();

                function createBindingsStringEvaluatorViaCache(bindingsString, cache, options) {
                    var cacheKey = bindingsString + (options && options['valueAccessors'] || '');
                    return cache[cacheKey]
                        || (cache[cacheKey] = createBindingsStringEvaluator(bindingsString, options));
                }

                function createBindingsStringEvaluator(bindingsString, options) {
                    // Build the source for a function that evaluates "expression"
                    // For each scope variable, add an extra level of "with" nesting
                    // Example result: with(sc1) { with(sc0) { return (expression) } }
                    var rewrittenBindings = ko.expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings(bindingsString, options),
                        functionBody = "with($context){with($data||{}){return{" + rewrittenBindings + "}}}";
                    return new Function("$context", "$element", functionBody);
                }
            })();

            ko.exportSymbol('bindingProvider', ko.bindingProvider);
            (function() {
                ko.bindingHandlers = {};

                // The following element types will not be recursed into during binding. In the future, we
                // may consider adding <template> to this list, because such elements' contents are always
                // intended to be bound in a different context from where they appear in the document.
                var bindingDoesNotRecurseIntoElementTypes = {
                    // Don't want bindings that operate on text nodes to mutate <script> contents,
                    // because it's unexpected and a potential XSS issue
                    'script': true
                };

                // Use an overridable method for retrieving binding handlers so that a plugins may support dynamically created handlers
                ko['getBindingHandler'] = function(bindingKey) {
                    return ko.bindingHandlers[bindingKey];
                };

                // The ko.bindingContext constructor is only called directly to create the root context. For child
                // contexts, use bindingContext.createChildContext or bindingContext.extend.
                ko.bindingContext = function(dataItemOrAccessor, parentContext, dataItemAlias, extendCallback) {

                    // The binding context object includes static properties for the current, parent, and root view models.
                    // If a view model is actually stored in an observable, the corresponding binding context object, and
                    // any child contexts, must be updated when the view model is changed.

                    function updateContext() {
                        // Most of the time, the context will directly get a view model object, but if a function is given,
                        // we call the function to retrieve the view model. If the function accesses any obsevables (or is
                        // itself an observable), the dependency is tracked, and those observables can later cause the binding
                        // context to be updated.
                        var dataItem = isFunc ? dataItemOrAccessor() : dataItemOrAccessor;

                        if (parentContext) {
                            // When a "parent" context is given, register a dependency on the parent context. Thus whenever the
                            // parent context is updated, this context will also be updated.
                            if (parentContext._subscribable)
                                parentContext._subscribable();

                            // Copy $root and any custom properties from the parent context
                            ko.utils.extend(self, parentContext);

                            // Because the above copy overwrites our own properties, we need to reset them.
                            // During the first execution, "subscribable" isn't set, so don't bother doing the update then.
                            if (subscribable) {
                                self._subscribable = subscribable;
                            }
                        } else {
                            self['$parents'] = [];
                            self['$root'] = dataItem;

                            // Export 'ko' in the binding context so it will be available in bindings and templates
                            // even if 'ko' isn't exported as a global, such as when using an AMD loader.
                            // See https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/490
                            self['ko'] = ko;
                        }
                        self['$rawData'] = dataItemOrAccessor;
                        self['$data'] = dataItem;
                        if (dataItemAlias)
                            self[dataItemAlias] = dataItem;

                        // The extendCallback function is provided when creating a child context or extending a context.
                        // It handles the specific actions needed to finish setting up the binding context. Actions in this
                        // function could also add dependencies to this binding context.
                        if (extendCallback)
                            extendCallback(self, parentContext, dataItem);

                        return self['$data'];
                    }

                    function disposeWhen() {
                        return nodes && !ko.utils.anyDomNodeIsAttachedToDocument(nodes);
                    }

                    var self = this,
                        isFunc = typeof(dataItemOrAccessor) == "function",
                        nodes,
                        subscribable = ko.dependentObservable(updateContext, null, { disposeWhen: disposeWhen, disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: true });

                    // At this point, the binding context has been initialized, and the "subscribable" computed observable is
                    // subscribed to any observables that were accessed in the process. If there is nothing to track, the
                    // computed will be inactive, and we can safely throw it away. If it's active, the computed is stored in
                    // the context object.
                    if (subscribable.isActive()) {
                        self._subscribable = subscribable;

                        // Always notify because even if the model ($data) hasn't changed, other context properties might have changed
                        subscribable['equalityComparer'] = null;

                        // We need to be able to dispose of this computed observable when it's no longer needed. This would be
                        // easy if we had a single node to watch, but binding contexts can be used by many different nodes, and
                        // we cannot assume that those nodes have any relation to each other. So instead we track any node that
                        // the context is attached to, and dispose the computed when all of those nodes have been cleaned.

                        // Add properties to *subscribable* instead of *self* because any properties added to *self* may be overwritten on updates
                        nodes = [];
                        subscribable._addNode = function(node) {
                            nodes.push(node);
                            ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback(node, function(node) {
                                ko.utils.arrayRemoveItem(nodes, node);
                                if (!nodes.length) {
                                    subscribable.dispose();
                                    self._subscribable = subscribable = undefined;
                                }
                            });
                        };
                    }
                }; // Extend the binding context hierarchy with a new view model object. If the parent context is watching
                // any obsevables, the new child context will automatically get a dependency on the parent context.
                // But this does not mean that the $data value of the child context will also get updated. If the child
                // view model also depends on the parent view model, you must provide a function that returns the correct
                // view model on each update.
                ko.bindingContext.prototype['createChildContext'] = function(dataItemOrAccessor, dataItemAlias, extendCallback) {
                    return new ko.bindingContext(dataItemOrAccessor, this, dataItemAlias, function(self, parentContext) {
                        // Extend the context hierarchy by setting the appropriate pointers
                        self['$parentContext'] = parentContext;
                        self['$parent'] = parentContext['$data'];
                        self['$parents'] = (parentContext['$parents'] || []).slice(0);
                        self['$parents'].unshift(self['$parent']);
                        if (extendCallback)
                            extendCallback(self);
                    });
                };

                // Extend the binding context with new custom properties. This doesn't change the context hierarchy.
                // Similarly to "child" contexts, provide a function here to make sure that the correct values are set
                // when an observable view model is updated.
                ko.bindingContext.prototype['extend'] = function(properties) {
                    return new ko.bindingContext(this['$rawData'], this, null, function(self) {
                        ko.utils.extend(self, typeof(properties) == "function" ? properties() : properties);
                    });
                };

                // Returns the valueAccesor function for a binding value

                function makeValueAccessor(value) {
                    return function() {
                        return value;
                    };
                }

                // Returns the value of a valueAccessor function

                function evaluateValueAccessor(valueAccessor) {
                    return valueAccessor();
                }

                // Given a function that returns bindings, create and return a new object that contains
                // binding value-accessors functions. Each accessor function calls the original function
                // so that it always gets the latest value and all dependencies are captured. This is used
                // by ko.applyBindingsToNode and getBindingsAndMakeAccessors.

                function makeAccessorsFromFunction(callback) {
                    return ko.utils.objectMap(ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(callback), function(value, key) {
                        return function() {
                            return callback()[key];
                        };
                    });
                }

                // Given a bindings function or object, create and return a new object that contains
                // binding value-accessors functions. This is used by ko.applyBindingsToNode.

                function makeBindingAccessors(bindings, context, node) {
                    if (typeof bindings === 'function') {
                        return makeAccessorsFromFunction(bindings.bind(null, context, node));
                    } else {
                        return ko.utils.objectMap(bindings, makeValueAccessor);
                    }
                }

                // This function is used if the binding provider doesn't include a getBindingAccessors function.
                // It must be called with 'this' set to the provider instance.

                function getBindingsAndMakeAccessors(node, context) {
                    return makeAccessorsFromFunction(this['getBindings'].bind(this, node, context));
                }

                function validateThatBindingIsAllowedForVirtualElements(bindingName) {
                    var validator = ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings[bindingName];
                    if (!validator)
                        throw new Error("The binding '" + bindingName + "' cannot be used with virtual elements");
                }

                function applyBindingsToDescendantsInternal(bindingContext, elementOrVirtualElement, bindingContextsMayDifferFromDomParentElement) {
                    var currentChild,
                        nextInQueue = ko.virtualElements.firstChild(elementOrVirtualElement),
                        provider = ko.bindingProvider['instance'],
                        preprocessNode = provider['preprocessNode'];

                    // Preprocessing allows a binding provider to mutate a node before bindings are applied to it. For example it's
                    // possible to insert new siblings after it, and/or replace the node with a different one. This can be used to
                    // implement custom binding syntaxes, such as {{ value }} for string interpolation, or custom element types that
                    // trigger insertion of <template> contents at that point in the document.
                    if (preprocessNode) {
                        while (currentChild = nextInQueue) {
                            nextInQueue = ko.virtualElements.nextSibling(currentChild);
                            preprocessNode.call(provider, currentChild);
                        }
                        // Reset nextInQueue for the next loop
                        nextInQueue = ko.virtualElements.firstChild(elementOrVirtualElement);
                    }

                    while (currentChild = nextInQueue) {
                        // Keep a record of the next child *before* applying bindings, in case the binding removes the current child from its position
                        nextInQueue = ko.virtualElements.nextSibling(currentChild);
                        applyBindingsToNodeAndDescendantsInternal(bindingContext, currentChild, bindingContextsMayDifferFromDomParentElement);
                    }
                }

                function applyBindingsToNodeAndDescendantsInternal(bindingContext, nodeVerified, bindingContextMayDifferFromDomParentElement) {
                    var shouldBindDescendants = true;

                    // Perf optimisation: Apply bindings only if...
                    // (1) We need to store the binding context on this node (because it may differ from the DOM parent node's binding context)
                    //     Note that we can't store binding contexts on non-elements (e.g., text nodes), as IE doesn't allow expando properties for those
                    // (2) It might have bindings (e.g., it has a data-bind attribute, or it's a marker for a containerless template)
                    var isElement = (nodeVerified.nodeType === 1);
                    if (isElement) // Workaround IE <= 8 HTML parsing weirdness
                        ko.virtualElements.normaliseVirtualElementDomStructure(nodeVerified);

                    var shouldApplyBindings = (isElement && bindingContextMayDifferFromDomParentElement)             // Case (1)
                        || ko.bindingProvider['instance']['nodeHasBindings'](nodeVerified); // Case (2)
                    if (shouldApplyBindings)
                        shouldBindDescendants = applyBindingsToNodeInternal(nodeVerified, null, bindingContext, bindingContextMayDifferFromDomParentElement)['shouldBindDescendants'];

                    if (shouldBindDescendants && !bindingDoesNotRecurseIntoElementTypes[ko.utils.tagNameLower(nodeVerified)]) {
                        // We're recursing automatically into (real or virtual) child nodes without changing binding contexts. So,
                        //  * For children of a *real* element, the binding context is certainly the same as on their DOM .parentNode,
                        //    hence bindingContextsMayDifferFromDomParentElement is false
                        //  * For children of a *virtual* element, we can't be sure. Evaluating .parentNode on those children may
                        //    skip over any number of intermediate virtual elements, any of which might define a custom binding context,
                        //    hence bindingContextsMayDifferFromDomParentElement is true
                        applyBindingsToDescendantsInternal(bindingContext, nodeVerified, /* bindingContextsMayDifferFromDomParentElement: */ !isElement);
                    }
                }

                var boundElementDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();


                function topologicalSortBindings(bindings) {
                    // Depth-first sort
                    var result = [], // The list of key/handler pairs that we will return
                        bindingsConsidered = {}, // A temporary record of which bindings are already in 'result'
                        cyclicDependencyStack = []; // Keeps track of a depth-search so that, if there's a cycle, we know which bindings caused it
                    ko.utils.objectForEach(bindings, function pushBinding(bindingKey) {
                        if (!bindingsConsidered[bindingKey]) {
                            var binding = ko['getBindingHandler'](bindingKey);
                            if (binding) {
                                // First add dependencies (if any) of the current binding
                                if (binding['after']) {
                                    cyclicDependencyStack.push(bindingKey);
                                    ko.utils.arrayForEach(binding['after'], function(bindingDependencyKey) {
                                        if (bindings[bindingDependencyKey]) {
                                            if (ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(cyclicDependencyStack, bindingDependencyKey) !== -1) {
                                                throw Error("Cannot combine the following bindings, because they have a cyclic dependency: " + cyclicDependencyStack.join(", "));
                                            } else {
                                                pushBinding(bindingDependencyKey);
                                            }
                                        }
                                    });
                                    cyclicDependencyStack.pop();
                                }
                                // Next add the current binding
                                result.push({ key: bindingKey, handler: binding });
                            }
                            bindingsConsidered[bindingKey] = true;
                        }
                    });

                    return result;
                }

                function applyBindingsToNodeInternal(node, sourceBindings, bindingContext, bindingContextMayDifferFromDomParentElement) {
                    // Prevent multiple applyBindings calls for the same node, except when a binding value is specified
                    var alreadyBound = ko.utils.domData.get(node, boundElementDomDataKey);
                    if (!sourceBindings) {
                        if (alreadyBound) {
                            throw Error("You cannot apply bindings multiple times to the same element.");
                        }
                        ko.utils.domData.set(node, boundElementDomDataKey, true);
                    }

                    // Optimization: Don't store the binding context on this node if it's definitely the same as on node.parentNode, because
                    // we can easily recover it just by scanning up the node's ancestors in the DOM
                    // (note: here, parent node means "real DOM parent" not "virtual parent", as there's no O(1) way to find the virtual parent)
                    if (!alreadyBound && bindingContextMayDifferFromDomParentElement)
                        ko.storedBindingContextForNode(node, bindingContext);

                    // Use bindings if given, otherwise fall back on asking the bindings provider to give us some bindings
                    var bindings;
                    if (sourceBindings && typeof sourceBindings !== 'function') {
                        bindings = sourceBindings;
                    } else {
                        var provider = ko.bindingProvider['instance'],
                            getBindings = provider['getBindingAccessors'] || getBindingsAndMakeAccessors;

                        if (sourceBindings || bindingContext._subscribable) {
                            // When an obsevable view model is used, the binding context will expose an observable _subscribable value.
                            // Get the binding from the provider within a computed observable so that we can update the bindings whenever
                            // the binding context is updated.
                            var bindingsUpdater = ko.dependentObservable(
                                function() {
                                    bindings = sourceBindings ? sourceBindings(bindingContext, node) : getBindings.call(provider, node, bindingContext);
                                    // Register a dependency on the binding context
                                    if (bindings && bindingContext._subscribable)
                                        bindingContext._subscribable();
                                    return bindings;
                                },
                                null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: node }
                            );

                            if (!bindings || !bindingsUpdater.isActive())
                                bindingsUpdater = null;
                        } else {
                            bindings = ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(getBindings, provider, [node, bindingContext]);
                        }
                    }

                    var bindingHandlerThatControlsDescendantBindings;
                    if (bindings) {
                        // Return the value accessor for a given binding. When bindings are static (won't be updated because of a binding
                        // context update), just return the value accessor from the binding. Otherwise, return a function that always gets
                        // the latest binding value and registers a dependency on the binding updater.
                        var getValueAccessor = bindingsUpdater
                            ? function(bindingKey) {
                                return function() {
                                    return evaluateValueAccessor(bindingsUpdater()[bindingKey]);
                                };
                            } : function(bindingKey) {
                                return bindings[bindingKey];
                            };

                        // Use of allBindings as a function is maintained for backwards compatibility, but its use is deprecated

                        function allBindings() {
                            return ko.utils.objectMap(bindingsUpdater ? bindingsUpdater() : bindings, evaluateValueAccessor);
                        }

// The following is the 3.x allBindings API
                        allBindings['get'] = function(key) {
                            return bindings[key] && evaluateValueAccessor(getValueAccessor(key));
                        };
                        allBindings['has'] = function(key) {
                            return key in bindings;
                        };

                        // First put the bindings into the right order
                        var orderedBindings = topologicalSortBindings(bindings);

                        // Go through the sorted bindings, calling init and update for each
                        ko.utils.arrayForEach(orderedBindings, function(bindingKeyAndHandler) {
                            // Note that topologicalSortBindings has already filtered out any nonexistent binding handlers,
                            // so bindingKeyAndHandler.handler will always be nonnull.
                            var handlerInitFn = bindingKeyAndHandler.handler["init"],
                                handlerUpdateFn = bindingKeyAndHandler.handler["update"],
                                bindingKey = bindingKeyAndHandler.key;

                            if (node.nodeType === 8) {
                                validateThatBindingIsAllowedForVirtualElements(bindingKey);
                            }

                            try {
                                // Run init, ignoring any dependencies
                                if (typeof handlerInitFn == "function") {
                                    ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(function() {
                                        var initResult = handlerInitFn(node, getValueAccessor(bindingKey), allBindings, bindingContext['$data'], bindingContext);

                                        // If this binding handler claims to control descendant bindings, make a note of this
                                        if (initResult && initResult['controlsDescendantBindings']) {
                                            if (bindingHandlerThatControlsDescendantBindings !== undefined)
                                                throw new Error("Multiple bindings (" + bindingHandlerThatControlsDescendantBindings + " and " + bindingKey + ") are trying to control descendant bindings of the same element. You cannot use these bindings together on the same element.");
                                            bindingHandlerThatControlsDescendantBindings = bindingKey;
                                        }
                                    });
                                }

                                // Run update in its own computed wrapper
                                if (typeof handlerUpdateFn == "function") {
                                    ko.dependentObservable(
                                        function() {
                                            handlerUpdateFn(node, getValueAccessor(bindingKey), allBindings, bindingContext['$data'], bindingContext);
                                        },
                                        null,
                                        { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: node }
                                    );
                                }
                            } catch(ex) {
                                ex.message = "Unable to process binding \"" + bindingKey + ": " + bindings[bindingKey] + "\"\nMessage: " + ex.message;
                                throw ex;
                            }
                        });
                    }

                    return {
                        'shouldBindDescendants': bindingHandlerThatControlsDescendantBindings === undefined
                    };
                }

                ;

                var storedBindingContextDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
                ko.storedBindingContextForNode = function(node, bindingContext) {
                    if (arguments.length == 2) {
                        ko.utils.domData.set(node, storedBindingContextDomDataKey, bindingContext);
                        if (bindingContext._subscribable)
                            bindingContext._subscribable._addNode(node);
                    } else {
                        return ko.utils.domData.get(node, storedBindingContextDomDataKey);
                    }
                };

                function getBindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext) {
                    return viewModelOrBindingContext && (viewModelOrBindingContext instanceof ko.bindingContext)
                        ? viewModelOrBindingContext
                        : new ko.bindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext);
                }

                ko.applyBindingAccessorsToNode = function(node, bindings, viewModelOrBindingContext) {
                    if (node.nodeType === 1) // If it's an element, workaround IE <= 8 HTML parsing weirdness
                        ko.virtualElements.normaliseVirtualElementDomStructure(node);
                    return applyBindingsToNodeInternal(node, bindings, getBindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext), true);
                };

                ko.applyBindingsToNode = function(node, bindings, viewModelOrBindingContext) {
                    var context = getBindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext);
                    return ko.applyBindingAccessorsToNode(node, makeBindingAccessors(bindings, context, node), context);
                };

                ko.applyBindingsToDescendants = function(viewModelOrBindingContext, rootNode) {
                    if (rootNode.nodeType === 1 || rootNode.nodeType === 8)
                        applyBindingsToDescendantsInternal(getBindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext), rootNode, true);
                };

                ko.applyBindings = function(viewModelOrBindingContext, rootNode) {
                    if (rootNode && (rootNode.nodeType !== 1) && (rootNode.nodeType !== 8))
                        throw new Error("ko.applyBindings: first parameter should be your view model; second parameter should be a DOM node");
                    rootNode = rootNode || window.document.body; // Make "rootNode" parameter optional

                    applyBindingsToNodeAndDescendantsInternal(getBindingContext(viewModelOrBindingContext), rootNode, true);
                };

                // Retrieving binding context from arbitrary nodes
                ko.contextFor = function(node) {
                    // We can only do something meaningful for elements and comment nodes (in particular, not text nodes, as IE can't store domdata for them)
                    switch (node.nodeType) {
                    case 1:
                    case 8:
                        var context = ko.storedBindingContextForNode(node);
                        if (context) return context;
                        if (node.parentNode) return ko.contextFor(node.parentNode);
                        break;
                    }
                    return undefined;
                };
                ko.dataFor = function(node) {
                    var context = ko.contextFor(node);
                    return context ? context['$data'] : undefined;
                };

                ko.exportSymbol('bindingHandlers', ko.bindingHandlers);
                ko.exportSymbol('applyBindings', ko.applyBindings);
                ko.exportSymbol('applyBindingsToDescendants', ko.applyBindingsToDescendants);
                ko.exportSymbol('applyBindingAccessorsToNode', ko.applyBindingAccessorsToNode);
                ko.exportSymbol('applyBindingsToNode', ko.applyBindingsToNode);
                ko.exportSymbol('contextFor', ko.contextFor);
                ko.exportSymbol('dataFor', ko.dataFor);
            })();
            var attrHtmlToJavascriptMap = { 'class': 'className', 'for': 'htmlFor' };
            ko.bindingHandlers['attr'] = {
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                    var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()) || {};
                    ko.utils.objectForEach(value, function(attrName, attrValue) {
                        attrValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(attrValue);

                        // To cover cases like "attr: { checked:someProp }", we want to remove the attribute entirely
                        // when someProp is a "no value"-like value (strictly null, false, or undefined)
                        // (because the absence of the "checked" attr is how to mark an element as not checked, etc.)
                        var toRemove = (attrValue === false) || (attrValue === null) || (attrValue === undefined);
                        if (toRemove)
                            element.removeAttribute(attrName);

                        // In IE <= 7 and IE8 Quirks Mode, you have to use the Javascript property name instead of the
                        // HTML attribute name for certain attributes. IE8 Standards Mode supports the correct behavior,
                        // but instead of figuring out the mode, we'll just set the attribute through the Javascript
                        // property for IE <= 8.
                        if (ko.utils.ieVersion <= 8 && attrName in attrHtmlToJavascriptMap) {
                            attrName = attrHtmlToJavascriptMap[attrName];
                            if (toRemove)
                                element.removeAttribute(attrName);
                            else
                                element[attrName] = attrValue;
                        } else if (!toRemove) {
                            element.setAttribute(attrName, attrValue.toString());
                        }

                        // Treat "name" specially - although you can think of it as an attribute, it also needs
                        // special handling on older versions of IE (https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/pull/333)
                        // Deliberately being case-sensitive here because XHTML would regard "Name" as a different thing
                        // entirely, and there's no strong reason to allow for such casing in HTML.
                        if (attrName === "name") {
                            ko.utils.setElementName(element, toRemove ? "" : attrValue.toString());
                        }
                    });
                }
            };
            (function() {

                ko.bindingHandlers['checked'] = {
                    'after': ['value', 'attr'],
                    'init': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {

                        function checkedValue() {
                            return allBindings['has']('checkedValue')
                                ? ko.utils.unwrapObservable(allBindings.get('checkedValue'))
                                : element.value;
                        }

                        function updateModel() {
                            // This updates the model value from the view value.
                            // It runs in response to DOM events (click) and changes in checkedValue.
                            var isChecked = element.checked,
                                elemValue = useCheckedValue ? checkedValue() : isChecked;

                            // When we're first setting up this computed, don't change any model state.
                            if (!shouldSet) {
                                return;
                            }

                            // We can ignore unchecked radio buttons, because some other radio
                            // button will be getting checked, and that one can take care of updating state.
                            if (isRadio && !isChecked) {
                                return;
                            }

                            var modelValue = ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(valueAccessor);
                            if (isValueArray) {
                                if (oldElemValue !== elemValue) {
                                    // When we're responding to the checkedValue changing, and the element is
                                    // currently checked, replace the old elem value with the new elem value
                                    // in the model array.
                                    if (isChecked) {
                                        ko.utils.addOrRemoveItem(modelValue, elemValue, true);
                                        ko.utils.addOrRemoveItem(modelValue, oldElemValue, false);
                                    }

                                    oldElemValue = elemValue;
                                } else {
                                    // When we're responding to the user having checked/unchecked a checkbox,
                                    // add/remove the element value to the model array.
                                    ko.utils.addOrRemoveItem(modelValue, elemValue, isChecked);
                                }
                            } else {
                                ko.expressionRewriting.writeValueToProperty(modelValue, allBindings, 'checked', elemValue, true);
                            }
                        }

                        ;

                        function updateView() {
                            // This updates the view value from the model value.
                            // It runs in response to changes in the bound (checked) value.
                            var modelValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());

                            if (isValueArray) {
                                // When a checkbox is bound to an array, being checked represents its value being present in that array
                                element.checked = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(modelValue, checkedValue()) >= 0;
                            } else if (isCheckbox) {
                                // When a checkbox is bound to any other value (not an array), being checked represents the value being trueish
                                element.checked = modelValue;
                            } else {
                                // For radio buttons, being checked means that the radio button's value corresponds to the model value
                                element.checked = (checkedValue() === modelValue);
                            }
                        }

                        ;

                        var isCheckbox = element.type == "checkbox",
                            isRadio = element.type == "radio";

                        // Only bind to check boxes and radio buttons
                        if (!isCheckbox && !isRadio) {
                            return;
                        }

                        var isValueArray = isCheckbox && (ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()) instanceof Array),
                            oldElemValue = isValueArray ? checkedValue() : undefined,
                            useCheckedValue = isRadio || isValueArray,
                            shouldSet = false;

                        // IE 6 won't allow radio buttons to be selected unless they have a name
                        if (isRadio && !element.name)
                            ko.bindingHandlers['uniqueName']['init'](element, function() { return true; });

                        // Set up two computeds to update the binding:

                        // The first responds to changes in the checkedValue value and to element clicks
                        ko.dependentObservable(updateModel, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: element });
                        ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "click", updateModel);

                        // The second responds to changes in the model value (the one associated with the checked binding)
                        ko.dependentObservable(updateView, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: element });

                        shouldSet = true;
                    }
                };
                ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['checked'] = true;

                ko.bindingHandlers['checkedValue'] = {
                    'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                        element.value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                    }
                };

            })();
            var classesWrittenByBindingKey = '__ko__cssValue';
            ko.bindingHandlers['css'] = {
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                    if (typeof value == "object") {
                        ko.utils.objectForEach(value, function(className, shouldHaveClass) {
                            shouldHaveClass = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(shouldHaveClass);
                            ko.utils.toggleDomNodeCssClass(element, className, shouldHaveClass);
                        });
                    } else {
                        value = String(value || ''); // Make sure we don't try to store or set a non-string value
                        ko.utils.toggleDomNodeCssClass(element, element[classesWrittenByBindingKey], false);
                        element[classesWrittenByBindingKey] = value;
                        ko.utils.toggleDomNodeCssClass(element, value, true);
                    }
                }
            };
            ko.bindingHandlers['enable'] = {
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                    if (value && element.disabled)
                        element.removeAttribute("disabled");
                    else if ((!value) && (!element.disabled))
                        element.disabled = true;
                }
            };

            ko.bindingHandlers['disable'] = {
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    ko.bindingHandlers['enable']['update'](element, function() { return !ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()); });
                }
            };
// For certain common events (currently just 'click'), allow a simplified data-binding syntax
// e.g. click:handler instead of the usual full-length event:{click:handler}

            function makeEventHandlerShortcut(eventName) {
                ko.bindingHandlers[eventName] = {
                    'init': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                        var newValueAccessor = function() {
                            var result = {};
                            result[eventName] = valueAccessor();
                            return result;
                        };
                        return ko.bindingHandlers['event']['init'].call(this, element, newValueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext);
                    }
                };
            }

            ko.bindingHandlers['event'] = {
                'init': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                    var eventsToHandle = valueAccessor() || {};
                    ko.utils.objectForEach(eventsToHandle, function(eventName) {
                        if (typeof eventName == "string") {
                            ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, eventName, function(event) {
                                var handlerReturnValue;
                                var handlerFunction = valueAccessor()[eventName];
                                if (!handlerFunction)
                                    return;

                                try {
                                    // Take all the event args, and prefix with the viewmodel
                                    var argsForHandler = ko.utils.makeArray(arguments);
                                    viewModel = bindingContext['$data'];
                                    argsForHandler.unshift(viewModel);
                                    handlerReturnValue = handlerFunction.apply(viewModel, argsForHandler);
                                } finally {
                                    if (handlerReturnValue !== true) { // Normally we want to prevent default action. Developer can override this be explicitly returning true.
                                        if (event.preventDefault)
                                            event.preventDefault();
                                        else
                                            event.returnValue = false;
                                    }
                                }

                                var bubble = allBindings.get(eventName + 'Bubble') !== false;
                                if (!bubble) {
                                    event.cancelBubble = true;
                                    if (event.stopPropagation)
                                        event.stopPropagation();
                                }
                            });
                        }
                    });
                }
            };
// "foreach: someExpression" is equivalent to "template: { foreach: someExpression }"
// "foreach: { data: someExpression, afterAdd: myfn }" is equivalent to "template: { foreach: someExpression, afterAdd: myfn }"
            ko.bindingHandlers['foreach'] = {
                makeTemplateValueAccessor: function(valueAccessor) {
                    return function() {
                        var modelValue = valueAccessor(),
                            unwrappedValue = ko.utils.peekObservable(modelValue); // Unwrap without setting a dependency here

                        // If unwrappedValue is the array, pass in the wrapped value on its own
                        // The value will be unwrapped and tracked within the template binding
                        // (See https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/523)
                        if ((!unwrappedValue) || typeof unwrappedValue.length == "number")
                            return { 'foreach': modelValue, 'templateEngine': ko.nativeTemplateEngine.instance };

                        // If unwrappedValue.data is the array, preserve all relevant options and unwrap again value so we get updates
                        ko.utils.unwrapObservable(modelValue);
                        return {
                            'foreach': unwrappedValue['data'],
                            'as': unwrappedValue['as'],
                            'includeDestroyed': unwrappedValue['includeDestroyed'],
                            'afterAdd': unwrappedValue['afterAdd'],
                            'beforeRemove': unwrappedValue['beforeRemove'],
                            'afterRender': unwrappedValue['afterRender'],
                            'beforeMove': unwrappedValue['beforeMove'],
                            'afterMove': unwrappedValue['afterMove'],
                            'templateEngine': ko.nativeTemplateEngine.instance
                        };
                    };
                },
                'init': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                    return ko.bindingHandlers['template']['init'](element, ko.bindingHandlers['foreach'].makeTemplateValueAccessor(valueAccessor));
                },
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                    return ko.bindingHandlers['template']['update'](element, ko.bindingHandlers['foreach'].makeTemplateValueAccessor(valueAccessor), allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext);
                }
            };
            ko.expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators['foreach'] = false; // Can't rewrite control flow bindings
            ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings['foreach'] = true;
            var hasfocusUpdatingProperty = '__ko_hasfocusUpdating';
            var hasfocusLastValue = '__ko_hasfocusLastValue';
            ko.bindingHandlers['hasfocus'] = {
                'init': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                    var handleElementFocusChange = function(isFocused) {
                        // Where possible, ignore which event was raised and determine focus state using activeElement,
                        // as this avoids phantom focus/blur events raised when changing tabs in modern browsers.
                        // However, not all KO-targeted browsers (Firefox 2) support activeElement. For those browsers,
                        // prevent a loss of focus when changing tabs/windows by setting a flag that prevents hasfocus
                        // from calling 'blur()' on the element when it loses focus.
                        // Discussion at https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/pull/352
                        element[hasfocusUpdatingProperty] = true;
                        var ownerDoc = element.ownerDocument;
                        if ("activeElement" in ownerDoc) {
                            var active;
                            try {
                                active = ownerDoc.activeElement;
                            } catch(e) {
                                // IE9 throws if you access activeElement during page load (see issue #703)
                                active = ownerDoc.body;
                            }
                            isFocused = (active === element);
                        }
                        var modelValue = valueAccessor();
                        ko.expressionRewriting.writeValueToProperty(modelValue, allBindings, 'hasfocus', isFocused, true);

                        //cache the latest value, so we can avoid unnecessarily calling focus/blur in the update function
                        element[hasfocusLastValue] = isFocused;
                        element[hasfocusUpdatingProperty] = false;
                    };
                    var handleElementFocusIn = handleElementFocusChange.bind(null, true);
                    var handleElementFocusOut = handleElementFocusChange.bind(null, false);

                    ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "focus", handleElementFocusIn);
                    ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "focusin", handleElementFocusIn); // For IE
                    ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "blur", handleElementFocusOut);
                    ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "focusout", handleElementFocusOut); // For IE
                },
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    var value = !!ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()); //force boolean to compare with last value
                    if (!element[hasfocusUpdatingProperty] && element[hasfocusLastValue] !== value) {
                        value ? element.focus() : element.blur();
                        ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(ko.utils.triggerEvent, null, [element, value ? "focusin" : "focusout"]); // For IE, which doesn't reliably fire "focus" or "blur" events synchronously
                    }
                }
            };
            ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['hasfocus'] = true;

            ko.bindingHandlers['hasFocus'] = ko.bindingHandlers['hasfocus']; // Make "hasFocus" an alias
            ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['hasFocus'] = true;
            ko.bindingHandlers['html'] = {
                'init': function() {
                    // Prevent binding on the dynamically-injected HTML (as developers are unlikely to expect that, and it has security implications)
                    return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                },
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    // setHtml will unwrap the value if needed
                    ko.utils.setHtml(element, valueAccessor());
                }
            };
            var withIfDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
// Makes a binding like with or if

            function makeWithIfBinding(bindingKey, isWith, isNot, makeContextCallback) {
                ko.bindingHandlers[bindingKey] = {
                    'init': function(element) {
                        ko.utils.domData.set(element, withIfDomDataKey, {});
                        return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                    },
                    'update': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                        var withIfData = ko.utils.domData.get(element, withIfDomDataKey),
                            dataValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()),
                            shouldDisplay = !isNot !== !dataValue, // equivalent to isNot ? !dataValue : !!dataValue
                            isFirstRender = !withIfData.savedNodes,
                            needsRefresh = isFirstRender || isWith || (shouldDisplay !== withIfData.didDisplayOnLastUpdate);

                        if (needsRefresh) {
                            if (isFirstRender) {
                                withIfData.savedNodes = ko.utils.cloneNodes(ko.virtualElements.childNodes(element), true /* shouldCleanNodes */);
                            }

                            if (shouldDisplay) {
                                if (!isFirstRender) {
                                    ko.virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren(element, ko.utils.cloneNodes(withIfData.savedNodes));
                                }
                                ko.applyBindingsToDescendants(makeContextCallback ? makeContextCallback(bindingContext, dataValue) : bindingContext, element);
                            } else {
                                ko.virtualElements.emptyNode(element);
                            }

                            withIfData.didDisplayOnLastUpdate = shouldDisplay;
                        }
                    }
                };
                ko.expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators[bindingKey] = false; // Can't rewrite control flow bindings
                ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings[bindingKey] = true;
            }

// Construct the actual binding handlers
            makeWithIfBinding('if');
            makeWithIfBinding('ifnot', false /* isWith */, true /* isNot */);
            makeWithIfBinding('with', true /* isWith */, false /* isNot */,
                function(bindingContext, dataValue) {
                    return bindingContext['createChildContext'](dataValue);
                }
            );
            ko.bindingHandlers['options'] = {
                'init': function(element) {
                    if (ko.utils.tagNameLower(element) !== "select")
                        throw new Error("options binding applies only to SELECT elements");

                    // Remove all existing <option>s.
                    while (element.length > 0) {
                        element.remove(0);
                    }

                    // Ensures that the binding processor doesn't try to bind the options
                    return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                },
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {

                    function selectedOptions() {
                        return ko.utils.arrayFilter(element.options, function(node) { return node.selected; });
                    }

                    var selectWasPreviouslyEmpty = element.length == 0;
                    var previousScrollTop = (!selectWasPreviouslyEmpty && element.multiple) ? element.scrollTop : null;

                    var unwrappedArray = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                    var includeDestroyed = allBindings.get('optionsIncludeDestroyed');
                    var captionPlaceholder = {};
                    var captionValue;
                    var previousSelectedValues;
                    if (element.multiple) {
                        previousSelectedValues = ko.utils.arrayMap(selectedOptions(), ko.selectExtensions.readValue);
                    } else {
                        previousSelectedValues = element.selectedIndex >= 0 ? [ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element.options[element.selectedIndex])] : [];
                    }

                    if (unwrappedArray) {
                        if (typeof unwrappedArray.length == "undefined") // Coerce single value into array
                            unwrappedArray = [unwrappedArray];

                        // Filter out any entries marked as destroyed
                        var filteredArray = ko.utils.arrayFilter(unwrappedArray, function(item) {
                            return includeDestroyed || item === undefined || item === null || !ko.utils.unwrapObservable(item['_destroy']);
                        });

                        // If caption is included, add it to the array
                        if (allBindings['has']('optionsCaption')) {
                            captionValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(allBindings.get('optionsCaption'));
                            // If caption value is null or undefined, don't show a caption
                            if (captionValue !== null && captionValue !== undefined) {
                                filteredArray.unshift(captionPlaceholder);
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        // If a falsy value is provided (e.g. null), we'll simply empty the select element
                        unwrappedArray = [];
                    }

                    function applyToObject(object, predicate, defaultValue) {
                        var predicateType = typeof predicate;
                        if (predicateType == "function")    // Given a function; run it against the data value
                            return predicate(object);
                        else if (predicateType == "string") // Given a string; treat it as a property name on the data value
                            return object[predicate];
                        else                                // Given no optionsText arg; use the data value itself
                            return defaultValue;
                    }

                    // The following functions can run at two different times:
                    // The first is when the whole array is being updated directly from this binding handler.
                    // The second is when an observable value for a specific array entry is updated.
                    // oldOptions will be empty in the first case, but will be filled with the previously generated option in the second.
                    var itemUpdate = false;

                    function optionForArrayItem(arrayEntry, index, oldOptions) {
                        if (oldOptions.length) {
                            previousSelectedValues = oldOptions[0].selected ? [ko.selectExtensions.readValue(oldOptions[0])] : [];
                            itemUpdate = true;
                        }
                        var option = document.createElement("option");
                        if (arrayEntry === captionPlaceholder) {
                            ko.utils.setTextContent(option, allBindings.get('optionsCaption'));
                            ko.selectExtensions.writeValue(option, undefined);
                        } else {
                            // Apply a value to the option element
                            var optionValue = applyToObject(arrayEntry, allBindings.get('optionsValue'), arrayEntry);
                            ko.selectExtensions.writeValue(option, ko.utils.unwrapObservable(optionValue));

                            // Apply some text to the option element
                            var optionText = applyToObject(arrayEntry, allBindings.get('optionsText'), optionValue);
                            ko.utils.setTextContent(option, optionText);
                        }
                        return [option];
                    }

                    function setSelectionCallback(arrayEntry, newOptions) {
                        // IE6 doesn't like us to assign selection to OPTION nodes before they're added to the document.
                        // That's why we first added them without selection. Now it's time to set the selection.
                        if (previousSelectedValues.length) {
                            var isSelected = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(previousSelectedValues, ko.selectExtensions.readValue(newOptions[0])) >= 0;
                            ko.utils.setOptionNodeSelectionState(newOptions[0], isSelected);

                            // If this option was changed from being selected during a single-item update, notify the change
                            if (itemUpdate && !isSelected)
                                ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(ko.utils.triggerEvent, null, [element, "change"]);
                        }
                    }

                    var callback = setSelectionCallback;
                    if (allBindings['has']('optionsAfterRender')) {
                        callback = function(arrayEntry, newOptions) {
                            setSelectionCallback(arrayEntry, newOptions);
                            ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(allBindings.get('optionsAfterRender'), null, [newOptions[0], arrayEntry !== captionPlaceholder ? arrayEntry : undefined]);
                        };
                    }

                    ko.utils.setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping(element, filteredArray, optionForArrayItem, null, callback);

                    // Determine if the selection has changed as a result of updating the options list
                    var selectionChanged;
                    if (element.multiple) {
                        // For a multiple-select box, compare the new selection count to the previous one
                        // But if nothing was selected before, the selection can't have changed
                        selectionChanged = previousSelectedValues.length && selectedOptions().length < previousSelectedValues.length;
                    } else {
                        // For a single-select box, compare the current value to the previous value
                        // But if nothing was selected before or nothing is selected now, just look for a change in selection
                        selectionChanged = (previousSelectedValues.length && element.selectedIndex >= 0)
                            ? (ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element.options[element.selectedIndex]) !== previousSelectedValues[0])
                            : (previousSelectedValues.length || element.selectedIndex >= 0);
                    }

                    // Ensure consistency between model value and selected option.
                    // If the dropdown was changed so that selection is no longer the same,
                    // notify the value or selectedOptions binding.
                    if (selectionChanged)
                        ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(ko.utils.triggerEvent, null, [element, "change"]);

                    // Workaround for IE bug
                    ko.utils.ensureSelectElementIsRenderedCorrectly(element);

                    if (previousScrollTop && Math.abs(previousScrollTop - element.scrollTop) > 20)
                        element.scrollTop = previousScrollTop;
                }
            };
            ko.bindingHandlers['options'].optionValueDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
            ko.bindingHandlers['selectedOptions'] = {
                'after': ['options', 'foreach'],
                'init': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                    ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "change", function() {
                        var value = valueAccessor(), valueToWrite = [];
                        ko.utils.arrayForEach(element.getElementsByTagName("option"), function(node) {
                            if (node.selected)
                                valueToWrite.push(ko.selectExtensions.readValue(node));
                        });
                        ko.expressionRewriting.writeValueToProperty(value, allBindings, 'selectedOptions', valueToWrite);
                    });
                },
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    if (ko.utils.tagNameLower(element) != "select")
                        throw new Error("values binding applies only to SELECT elements");

                    var newValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                    if (newValue && typeof newValue.length == "number") {
                        ko.utils.arrayForEach(element.getElementsByTagName("option"), function(node) {
                            var isSelected = ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(newValue, ko.selectExtensions.readValue(node)) >= 0;
                            ko.utils.setOptionNodeSelectionState(node, isSelected);
                        });
                    }
                }
            };
            ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['selectedOptions'] = true;
            ko.bindingHandlers['style'] = {
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor() || {});
                    ko.utils.objectForEach(value, function(styleName, styleValue) {
                        styleValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(styleValue);
                        element.style[styleName] = styleValue || ""; // Empty string removes the value, whereas null/undefined have no effect
                    });
                }
            };
            ko.bindingHandlers['submit'] = {
                'init': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                    if (typeof valueAccessor() != "function")
                        throw new Error("The value for a submit binding must be a function");
                    ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "submit", function(event) {
                        var handlerReturnValue;
                        var value = valueAccessor();
                        try {
                            handlerReturnValue = value.call(bindingContext['$data'], element);
                        } finally {
                            if (handlerReturnValue !== true) { // Normally we want to prevent default action. Developer can override this be explicitly returning true.
                                if (event.preventDefault)
                                    event.preventDefault();
                                else
                                    event.returnValue = false;
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
            };
            ko.bindingHandlers['text'] = {
                'init': function() {
                    // Prevent binding on the dynamically-injected text node (as developers are unlikely to expect that, and it has security implications).
                    // It should also make things faster, as we no longer have to consider whether the text node might be bindable.
                    return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                },
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    ko.utils.setTextContent(element, valueAccessor());
                }
            };
            ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings['text'] = true;
            ko.bindingHandlers['uniqueName'] = {
                'init': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    if (valueAccessor()) {
                        var name = "ko_unique_" + (++ko.bindingHandlers['uniqueName'].currentIndex);
                        ko.utils.setElementName(element, name);
                    }
                }
            };
            ko.bindingHandlers['uniqueName'].currentIndex = 0;
            ko.bindingHandlers['value'] = {
                'after': ['options', 'foreach'],
                'init': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings) {
                    // Always catch "change" event; possibly other events too if asked
                    var eventsToCatch = ["change"];
                    var requestedEventsToCatch = allBindings.get("valueUpdate");
                    var propertyChangedFired = false;
                    if (requestedEventsToCatch) {
                        if (typeof requestedEventsToCatch == "string") // Allow both individual event names, and arrays of event names
                            requestedEventsToCatch = [requestedEventsToCatch];
                        ko.utils.arrayPushAll(eventsToCatch, requestedEventsToCatch);
                        eventsToCatch = ko.utils.arrayGetDistinctValues(eventsToCatch);
                    }

                    var valueUpdateHandler = function() {
                        propertyChangedFired = false;
                        var modelValue = valueAccessor();
                        var elementValue = ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element);
                        ko.expressionRewriting.writeValueToProperty(modelValue, allBindings, 'value', elementValue);
                    }; // Workaround for https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/issues/122
                    // IE doesn't fire "change" events on textboxes if the user selects a value from its autocomplete list
                    var ieAutoCompleteHackNeeded = ko.utils.ieVersion && element.tagName.toLowerCase() == "input" && element.type == "text"
                        && element.autocomplete != "off" && (!element.form || element.form.autocomplete != "off");
                    if (ieAutoCompleteHackNeeded && ko.utils.arrayIndexOf(eventsToCatch, "propertychange") == -1) {
                        ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "propertychange", function() { propertyChangedFired = true; });
                        ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, "blur", function() {
                            if (propertyChangedFired) {
                                valueUpdateHandler();
                            }
                        });
                    }

                    ko.utils.arrayForEach(eventsToCatch, function(eventName) {
                        // The syntax "after<eventname>" means "run the handler asynchronously after the event"
                        // This is useful, for example, to catch "keydown" events after the browser has updated the control
                        // (otherwise, ko.selectExtensions.readValue(this) will receive the control's value *before* the key event)
                        var handler = valueUpdateHandler;
                        if (ko.utils.stringStartsWith(eventName, "after")) {
                            handler = function() { setTimeout(valueUpdateHandler, 0); };
                            eventName = eventName.substring("after".length);
                        }
                        ko.utils.registerEventHandler(element, eventName, handler);
                    });
                },
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    var valueIsSelectOption = ko.utils.tagNameLower(element) === "select";
                    var newValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                    var elementValue = ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element);
                    var valueHasChanged = (newValue !== elementValue);

                    if (valueHasChanged) {
                        var applyValueAction = function() { ko.selectExtensions.writeValue(element, newValue); };
                        applyValueAction();

                        if (valueIsSelectOption) {
                            if (newValue !== ko.selectExtensions.readValue(element)) {
                                // If you try to set a model value that can't be represented in an already-populated dropdown, reject that change,
                                // because you're not allowed to have a model value that disagrees with a visible UI selection.
                                ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(ko.utils.triggerEvent, null, [element, "change"]);
                            } else {
                                // Workaround for IE6 bug: It won't reliably apply values to SELECT nodes during the same execution thread
                                // right after you've changed the set of OPTION nodes on it. So for that node type, we'll schedule a second thread
                                // to apply the value as well.
                                setTimeout(applyValueAction, 0);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            };
            ko.expressionRewriting.twoWayBindings['value'] = true;
            ko.bindingHandlers['visible'] = {
                'update': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                    var value = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                    var isCurrentlyVisible = !(element.style.display == "none");
                    if (value && !isCurrentlyVisible)
                        element.style.display = "";
                    else if ((!value) && isCurrentlyVisible)
                        element.style.display = "none";
                }
            };
// 'click' is just a shorthand for the usual full-length event:{click:handler}
            makeEventHandlerShortcut('click');
// If you want to make a custom template engine,
//
// [1] Inherit from this class (like ko.nativeTemplateEngine does)
// [2] Override 'renderTemplateSource', supplying a function with this signature:
//
//        function (templateSource, bindingContext, options) {
//            // - templateSource.text() is the text of the template you should render
//            // - bindingContext.$data is the data you should pass into the template
//            //   - you might also want to make bindingContext.$parent, bindingContext.$parents,
//            //     and bindingContext.$root available in the template too
//            // - options gives you access to any other properties set on "data-bind: { template: options }"
//            //
//            // Return value: an array of DOM nodes
//        }
//
// [3] Override 'createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock', supplying a function with this signature:
//
//        function (script) {
//            // Return value: Whatever syntax means "Evaluate the JavaScript statement 'script' and output the result"
//            //               For example, the jquery.tmpl template engine converts 'someScript' to '${ someScript }'
//        }
//
//     This is only necessary if you want to allow data-bind attributes to reference arbitrary template variables.
//     If you don't want to allow that, you can set the property 'allowTemplateRewriting' to false (like ko.nativeTemplateEngine does)
//     and then you don't need to override 'createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock'.

            ko.templateEngine = function() {
            };

            ko.templateEngine.prototype['renderTemplateSource'] = function(templateSource, bindingContext, options) {
                throw new Error("Override renderTemplateSource");
            };

            ko.templateEngine.prototype['createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock'] = function(script) {
                throw new Error("Override createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock");
            };

            ko.templateEngine.prototype['makeTemplateSource'] = function(template, templateDocument) {
                // Named template
                if (typeof template == "string") {
                    templateDocument = templateDocument || document;
                    var elem = templateDocument.getElementById(template);
                    if (!elem)
                        throw new Error("Cannot find template with ID " + template);
                    return new ko.templateSources.domElement(elem);
                } else if ((template.nodeType == 1) || (template.nodeType == 8)) {
                    // Anonymous template
                    return new ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate(template);
                } else
                    throw new Error("Unknown template type: " + template);
            };

            ko.templateEngine.prototype['renderTemplate'] = function(template, bindingContext, options, templateDocument) {
                var templateSource = this['makeTemplateSource'](template, templateDocument);
                return this['renderTemplateSource'](templateSource, bindingContext, options);
            };

            ko.templateEngine.prototype['isTemplateRewritten'] = function(template, templateDocument) {
                // Skip rewriting if requested
                if (this['allowTemplateRewriting'] === false)
                    return true;
                return this['makeTemplateSource'](template, templateDocument)['data']("isRewritten");
            };

            ko.templateEngine.prototype['rewriteTemplate'] = function(template, rewriterCallback, templateDocument) {
                var templateSource = this['makeTemplateSource'](template, templateDocument);
                var rewritten = rewriterCallback(templateSource['text']());
                templateSource['text'](rewritten);
                templateSource['data']("isRewritten", true);
            };

            ko.exportSymbol('templateEngine', ko.templateEngine);

            ko.templateRewriting = (function() {
                var memoizeDataBindingAttributeSyntaxRegex = /(<([a-z]+\d*)(?:\s+(?!data-bind\s*=\s*)[a-z0-9\-]+(?:=(?:\"[^\"]*\"|\'[^\']*\'))?)*\s+)data-bind\s*=\s*(["'])([\s\S]*?)\3/gi;
                var memoizeVirtualContainerBindingSyntaxRegex = /<!--\s*ko\b\s*([\s\S]*?)\s*-->/g;

                function validateDataBindValuesForRewriting(keyValueArray) {
                    var allValidators = ko.expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators;
                    for (var i = 0; i < keyValueArray.length; i++) {
                        var key = keyValueArray[i]['key'];
                        if (allValidators.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                            var validator = allValidators[key];

                            if (typeof validator === "function") {
                                var possibleErrorMessage = validator(keyValueArray[i]['value']);
                                if (possibleErrorMessage)
                                    throw new Error(possibleErrorMessage);
                            } else if (!validator) {
                                throw new Error("This template engine does not support the '" + key + "' binding within its templates");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                function constructMemoizedTagReplacement(dataBindAttributeValue, tagToRetain, nodeName, templateEngine) {
                    var dataBindKeyValueArray = ko.expressionRewriting.parseObjectLiteral(dataBindAttributeValue);
                    validateDataBindValuesForRewriting(dataBindKeyValueArray);
                    var rewrittenDataBindAttributeValue = ko.expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings(dataBindKeyValueArray, { 'valueAccessors': true });

                    // For no obvious reason, Opera fails to evaluate rewrittenDataBindAttributeValue unless it's wrapped in an additional
                    // anonymous function, even though Opera's built-in debugger can evaluate it anyway. No other browser requires this
                    // extra indirection.
                    var applyBindingsToNextSiblingScript =
                        "ko.__tr_ambtns(function($context,$element){return(function(){return{ " + rewrittenDataBindAttributeValue + " } })()},'" + nodeName.toLowerCase() + "')";
                    return templateEngine['createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock'](applyBindingsToNextSiblingScript) + tagToRetain;
                }

                return {
                    ensureTemplateIsRewritten: function(template, templateEngine, templateDocument) {
                        if (!templateEngine['isTemplateRewritten'](template, templateDocument))
                            templateEngine['rewriteTemplate'](template, function(htmlString) {
                                return ko.templateRewriting.memoizeBindingAttributeSyntax(htmlString, templateEngine);
                            }, templateDocument);
                    },

                    memoizeBindingAttributeSyntax: function(htmlString, templateEngine) {
                        return htmlString.replace(memoizeDataBindingAttributeSyntaxRegex, function() {
                            return constructMemoizedTagReplacement(/* dataBindAttributeValue: */ arguments[4], /* tagToRetain: */ arguments[1], /* nodeName: */ arguments[2], templateEngine);
                        }).replace(memoizeVirtualContainerBindingSyntaxRegex, function() {
                            return constructMemoizedTagReplacement(/* dataBindAttributeValue: */ arguments[1], /* tagToRetain: */ "<!-- ko -->", /* nodeName: */ "#comment", templateEngine);
                        });
                    },

                    applyMemoizedBindingsToNextSibling: function(bindings, nodeName) {
                        return ko.memoization.memoize(function(domNode, bindingContext) {
                            var nodeToBind = domNode.nextSibling;
                            if (nodeToBind && nodeToBind.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName) {
                                ko.applyBindingAccessorsToNode(nodeToBind, bindings, bindingContext);
                            }
                        });
                    }
                };
            })();


// Exported only because it has to be referenced by string lookup from within rewritten template
            ko.exportSymbol('__tr_ambtns', ko.templateRewriting.applyMemoizedBindingsToNextSibling);
            (function() {
                // A template source represents a read/write way of accessing a template. This is to eliminate the need for template loading/saving
                // logic to be duplicated in every template engine (and means they can all work with anonymous templates, etc.)
                //
                // Two are provided by default:
                //  1. ko.templateSources.domElement       - reads/writes the text content of an arbitrary DOM element
                //  2. ko.templateSources.anonymousElement - uses ko.utils.domData to read/write text *associated* with the DOM element, but
                //                                           without reading/writing the actual element text content, since it will be overwritten
                //                                           with the rendered template output.
                // You can implement your own template source if you want to fetch/store templates somewhere other than in DOM elements.
                // Template sources need to have the following functions:
                //   text() 			- returns the template text from your storage location
                //   text(value)		- writes the supplied template text to your storage location
                //   data(key)			- reads values stored using data(key, value) - see below
                //   data(key, value)	- associates "value" with this template and the key "key". Is used to store information like "isRewritten".
                //
                // Optionally, template sources can also have the following functions:
                //   nodes()            - returns a DOM element containing the nodes of this template, where available
                //   nodes(value)       - writes the given DOM element to your storage location
                // If a DOM element is available for a given template source, template engines are encouraged to use it in preference over text()
                // for improved speed. However, all templateSources must supply text() even if they don't supply nodes().
                //
                // Once you've implemented a templateSource, make your template engine use it by subclassing whatever template engine you were
                // using and overriding "makeTemplateSource" to return an instance of your custom template source.

                ko.templateSources = {};

                // ---- ko.templateSources.domElement -----

                ko.templateSources.domElement = function(element) {
                    this.domElement = element;
                };
                ko.templateSources.domElement.prototype['text'] = function(/* valueToWrite */) {
                    var tagNameLower = ko.utils.tagNameLower(this.domElement),
                        elemContentsProperty = tagNameLower === "script" ? "text"
                            : tagNameLower === "textarea" ? "value"
                                : "innerHTML";

                    if (arguments.length == 0) {
                        return this.domElement[elemContentsProperty];
                    } else {
                        var valueToWrite = arguments[0];
                        if (elemContentsProperty === "innerHTML")
                            ko.utils.setHtml(this.domElement, valueToWrite);
                        else
                            this.domElement[elemContentsProperty] = valueToWrite;
                    }
                };

                var dataDomDataPrefix = ko.utils.domData.nextKey() + "_";
                ko.templateSources.domElement.prototype['data'] = function(key /*, valueToWrite */) {
                    if (arguments.length === 1) {
                        return ko.utils.domData.get(this.domElement, dataDomDataPrefix + key);
                    } else {
                        ko.utils.domData.set(this.domElement, dataDomDataPrefix + key, arguments[1]);
                    }
                };

                // ---- ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate -----
                // Anonymous templates are normally saved/retrieved as DOM nodes through "nodes".
                // For compatibility, you can also read "text"; it will be serialized from the nodes on demand.
                // Writing to "text" is still supported, but then the template data will not be available as DOM nodes.

                var anonymousTemplatesDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();
                ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate = function(element) {
                    this.domElement = element;
                };
                ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate.prototype = new ko.templateSources.domElement();
                ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate.prototype.constructor = ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate;
                ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate.prototype['text'] = function(/* valueToWrite */) {
                    if (arguments.length == 0) {
                        var templateData = ko.utils.domData.get(this.domElement, anonymousTemplatesDomDataKey) || {};
                        if (templateData.textData === undefined && templateData.containerData)
                            templateData.textData = templateData.containerData.innerHTML;
                        return templateData.textData;
                    } else {
                        var valueToWrite = arguments[0];
                        ko.utils.domData.set(this.domElement, anonymousTemplatesDomDataKey, { textData: valueToWrite });
                    }
                };
                ko.templateSources.domElement.prototype['nodes'] = function(/* valueToWrite */) {
                    if (arguments.length == 0) {
                        var templateData = ko.utils.domData.get(this.domElement, anonymousTemplatesDomDataKey) || {};
                        return templateData.containerData;
                    } else {
                        var valueToWrite = arguments[0];
                        ko.utils.domData.set(this.domElement, anonymousTemplatesDomDataKey, { containerData: valueToWrite });
                    }
                };

                ko.exportSymbol('templateSources', ko.templateSources);
                ko.exportSymbol('templateSources.domElement', ko.templateSources.domElement);
                ko.exportSymbol('templateSources.anonymousTemplate', ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate);
            })();
            (function() {
                var _templateEngine;
                ko.setTemplateEngine = function(templateEngine) {
                    if ((templateEngine != undefined) && !(templateEngine instanceof ko.templateEngine))
                        throw new Error("templateEngine must inherit from ko.templateEngine");
                    _templateEngine = templateEngine;
                };

                function invokeForEachNodeInContinuousRange(firstNode, lastNode, action) {
                    var node, nextInQueue = firstNode, firstOutOfRangeNode = ko.virtualElements.nextSibling(lastNode);
                    while (nextInQueue && ((node = nextInQueue) !== firstOutOfRangeNode)) {
                        nextInQueue = ko.virtualElements.nextSibling(node);
                        action(node, nextInQueue);
                    }
                }

                function activateBindingsOnContinuousNodeArray(continuousNodeArray, bindingContext) {
                    // To be used on any nodes that have been rendered by a template and have been inserted into some parent element
                    // Walks through continuousNodeArray (which *must* be continuous, i.e., an uninterrupted sequence of sibling nodes, because
                    // the algorithm for walking them relies on this), and for each top-level item in the virtual-element sense,
                    // (1) Does a regular "applyBindings" to associate bindingContext with this node and to activate any non-memoized bindings
                    // (2) Unmemoizes any memos in the DOM subtree (e.g., to activate bindings that had been memoized during template rewriting)

                    if (continuousNodeArray.length) {
                        var firstNode = continuousNodeArray[0],
                            lastNode = continuousNodeArray[continuousNodeArray.length - 1],
                            parentNode = firstNode.parentNode,
                            provider = ko.bindingProvider['instance'],
                            preprocessNode = provider['preprocessNode'];

                        if (preprocessNode) {
                            invokeForEachNodeInContinuousRange(firstNode, lastNode, function(node, nextNodeInRange) {
                                var nodePreviousSibling = node.previousSibling;
                                var newNodes = preprocessNode.call(provider, node);
                                if (newNodes) {
                                    if (node === firstNode)
                                        firstNode = newNodes[0] || nextNodeInRange;
                                    if (node === lastNode)
                                        lastNode = newNodes[newNodes.length - 1] || nodePreviousSibling;
                                }
                            });

                            // Because preprocessNode can change the nodes, including the first and last nodes, update continuousNodeArray to match.
                            // We need the full set, including inner nodes, because the unmemoize step might remove the first node (and so the real
                            // first node needs to be in the array).
                            continuousNodeArray.length = 0;
                            if (!firstNode) { // preprocessNode might have removed all the nodes, in which case there's nothing left to do
                                return;
                            }
                            if (firstNode === lastNode) {
                                continuousNodeArray.push(firstNode);
                            } else {
                                continuousNodeArray.push(firstNode, lastNode);
                                ko.utils.fixUpContinuousNodeArray(continuousNodeArray, parentNode);
                            }
                        }

                        // Need to applyBindings *before* unmemoziation, because unmemoization might introduce extra nodes (that we don't want to re-bind)
                        // whereas a regular applyBindings won't introduce new memoized nodes
                        invokeForEachNodeInContinuousRange(firstNode, lastNode, function(node) {
                            if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 8)
                                ko.applyBindings(bindingContext, node);
                        });
                        invokeForEachNodeInContinuousRange(firstNode, lastNode, function(node) {
                            if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 8)
                                ko.memoization.unmemoizeDomNodeAndDescendants(node, [bindingContext]);
                        });

                        // Make sure any changes done by applyBindings or unmemoize are reflected in the array
                        ko.utils.fixUpContinuousNodeArray(continuousNodeArray, parentNode);
                    }
                }

                function getFirstNodeFromPossibleArray(nodeOrNodeArray) {
                    return nodeOrNodeArray.nodeType ? nodeOrNodeArray
                        : nodeOrNodeArray.length > 0 ? nodeOrNodeArray[0]
                            : null;
                }

                function executeTemplate(targetNodeOrNodeArray, renderMode, template, bindingContext, options) {
                    options = options || {};
                    var firstTargetNode = targetNodeOrNodeArray && getFirstNodeFromPossibleArray(targetNodeOrNodeArray);
                    var templateDocument = firstTargetNode && firstTargetNode.ownerDocument;
                    var templateEngineToUse = (options['templateEngine'] || _templateEngine);
                    ko.templateRewriting.ensureTemplateIsRewritten(template, templateEngineToUse, templateDocument);
                    var renderedNodesArray = templateEngineToUse['renderTemplate'](template, bindingContext, options, templateDocument);

                    // Loosely check result is an array of DOM nodes
                    if ((typeof renderedNodesArray.length != "number") || (renderedNodesArray.length > 0 && typeof renderedNodesArray[0].nodeType != "number"))
                        throw new Error("Template engine must return an array of DOM nodes");

                    var haveAddedNodesToParent = false;
                    switch (renderMode) {
                    case "replaceChildren":
                        ko.virtualElements.setDomNodeChildren(targetNodeOrNodeArray, renderedNodesArray);
                        haveAddedNodesToParent = true;
                        break;
                    case "replaceNode":
                        ko.utils.replaceDomNodes(targetNodeOrNodeArray, renderedNodesArray);
                        haveAddedNodesToParent = true;
                        break;
                    case "ignoreTargetNode":
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw new Error("Unknown renderMode: " + renderMode);
                    }

                    if (haveAddedNodesToParent) {
                        activateBindingsOnContinuousNodeArray(renderedNodesArray, bindingContext);
                        if (options['afterRender'])
                            ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(options['afterRender'], null, [renderedNodesArray, bindingContext['$data']]);
                    }

                    return renderedNodesArray;
                }

                ko.renderTemplate = function(template, dataOrBindingContext, options, targetNodeOrNodeArray, renderMode) {
                    options = options || {};
                    if ((options['templateEngine'] || _templateEngine) == undefined)
                        throw new Error("Set a template engine before calling renderTemplate");
                    renderMode = renderMode || "replaceChildren";

                    if (targetNodeOrNodeArray) {
                        var firstTargetNode = getFirstNodeFromPossibleArray(targetNodeOrNodeArray);

                        var whenToDispose = function() { return (!firstTargetNode) || !ko.utils.domNodeIsAttachedToDocument(firstTargetNode); }; // Passive disposal (on next evaluation)
                        var activelyDisposeWhenNodeIsRemoved = (firstTargetNode && renderMode == "replaceNode") ? firstTargetNode.parentNode : firstTargetNode;

                        return ko.dependentObservable(// So the DOM is automatically updated when any dependency changes
                            function() {
                                // Ensure we've got a proper binding context to work with
                                var bindingContext = (dataOrBindingContext && (dataOrBindingContext instanceof ko.bindingContext))
                                    ? dataOrBindingContext
                                    : new ko.bindingContext(ko.utils.unwrapObservable(dataOrBindingContext));

                                // Support selecting template as a function of the data being rendered
                                var templateName = typeof(template) == 'function' ? template(bindingContext['$data'], bindingContext) : template;

                                var renderedNodesArray = executeTemplate(targetNodeOrNodeArray, renderMode, templateName, bindingContext, options);
                                if (renderMode == "replaceNode") {
                                    targetNodeOrNodeArray = renderedNodesArray;
                                    firstTargetNode = getFirstNodeFromPossibleArray(targetNodeOrNodeArray);
                                }
                            },
                            null,
                            { disposeWhen: whenToDispose, disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: activelyDisposeWhenNodeIsRemoved }
                        );
                    } else {
                        // We don't yet have a DOM node to evaluate, so use a memo and render the template later when there is a DOM node
                        return ko.memoization.memoize(function(domNode) {
                            ko.renderTemplate(template, dataOrBindingContext, options, domNode, "replaceNode");
                        });
                    }
                };

                ko.renderTemplateForEach = function(template, arrayOrObservableArray, options, targetNode, parentBindingContext) {
                    // Since setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping always calls executeTemplateForArrayItem and then
                    // activateBindingsCallback for added items, we can store the binding context in the former to use in the latter.
                    var arrayItemContext;

                    // This will be called by setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping to get the nodes to add to targetNode
                    var executeTemplateForArrayItem = function(arrayValue, index) {
                        // Support selecting template as a function of the data being rendered
                        arrayItemContext = parentBindingContext['createChildContext'](arrayValue, options['as'], function(context) {
                            context['$index'] = index;
                        });
                        var templateName = typeof(template) == 'function' ? template(arrayValue, arrayItemContext) : template;
                        return executeTemplate(null, "ignoreTargetNode", templateName, arrayItemContext, options);
                    }; // This will be called whenever setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping has added nodes to targetNode
                    var activateBindingsCallback = function(arrayValue, addedNodesArray, index) {
                        activateBindingsOnContinuousNodeArray(addedNodesArray, arrayItemContext);
                        if (options['afterRender'])
                            options['afterRender'](addedNodesArray, arrayValue);
                    };

                    return ko.dependentObservable(function() {
                        var unwrappedArray = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(arrayOrObservableArray) || [];
                        if (typeof unwrappedArray.length == "undefined") // Coerce single value into array
                            unwrappedArray = [unwrappedArray];

                        // Filter out any entries marked as destroyed
                        var filteredArray = ko.utils.arrayFilter(unwrappedArray, function(item) {
                            return options['includeDestroyed'] || item === undefined || item === null || !ko.utils.unwrapObservable(item['_destroy']);
                        });

                        // Call setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping, ignoring any observables unwrapped within (most likely from a callback function).
                        // If the array items are observables, though, they will be unwrapped in executeTemplateForArrayItem and managed within setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping.
                        ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(ko.utils.setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping, null, [targetNode, filteredArray, executeTemplateForArrayItem, options, activateBindingsCallback]);

                    }, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: targetNode });
                };

                var templateComputedDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();

                function disposeOldComputedAndStoreNewOne(element, newComputed) {
                    var oldComputed = ko.utils.domData.get(element, templateComputedDomDataKey);
                    if (oldComputed && (typeof(oldComputed.dispose) == 'function'))
                        oldComputed.dispose();
                    ko.utils.domData.set(element, templateComputedDomDataKey, (newComputed && newComputed.isActive()) ? newComputed : undefined);
                }

                ko.bindingHandlers['template'] = {
                    'init': function(element, valueAccessor) {
                        // Support anonymous templates
                        var bindingValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor());
                        if (typeof bindingValue == "string" || bindingValue['name']) {
                            // It's a named template - clear the element
                            ko.virtualElements.emptyNode(element);
                        } else {
                            // It's an anonymous template - store the element contents, then clear the element
                            var templateNodes = ko.virtualElements.childNodes(element),
                                container = ko.utils.moveCleanedNodesToContainerElement(templateNodes); // This also removes the nodes from their current parent
                            new ko.templateSources.anonymousTemplate(element)['nodes'](container);
                        }
                        return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
                    },
                    'update': function(element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
                        var templateName = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(valueAccessor()),
                            options = {},
                            shouldDisplay = true,
                            dataValue,
                            templateComputed = null;

                        if (typeof templateName != "string") {
                            options = templateName;
                            templateName = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(options['name']);

                            // Support "if"/"ifnot" conditions
                            if ('if' in options)
                                shouldDisplay = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(options['if']);
                            if (shouldDisplay && 'ifnot' in options)
                                shouldDisplay = !ko.utils.unwrapObservable(options['ifnot']);

                            dataValue = ko.utils.unwrapObservable(options['data']);
                        }

                        if ('foreach' in options) {
                            // Render once for each data point (treating data set as empty if shouldDisplay==false)
                            var dataArray = (shouldDisplay && options['foreach']) || [];
                            templateComputed = ko.renderTemplateForEach(templateName || element, dataArray, options, element, bindingContext);
                        } else if (!shouldDisplay) {
                            ko.virtualElements.emptyNode(element);
                        } else {
                            // Render once for this single data point (or use the viewModel if no data was provided)
                            var innerBindingContext = ('data' in options) ?
                                bindingContext['createChildContext'](dataValue, options['as']) : // Given an explitit 'data' value, we create a child binding context for it
                                bindingContext; // Given no explicit 'data' value, we retain the same binding context
                            templateComputed = ko.renderTemplate(templateName || element, innerBindingContext, options, element);
                        }

                        // It only makes sense to have a single template computed per element (otherwise which one should have its output displayed?)
                        disposeOldComputedAndStoreNewOne(element, templateComputed);
                    }
                };

                // Anonymous templates can't be rewritten. Give a nice error message if you try to do it.
                ko.expressionRewriting.bindingRewriteValidators['template'] = function(bindingValue) {
                    var parsedBindingValue = ko.expressionRewriting.parseObjectLiteral(bindingValue);

                    if ((parsedBindingValue.length == 1) && parsedBindingValue[0]['unknown'])
                        return null; // It looks like a string literal, not an object literal, so treat it as a named template (which is allowed for rewriting)

                    if (ko.expressionRewriting.keyValueArrayContainsKey(parsedBindingValue, "name"))
                        return null; // Named templates can be rewritten, so return "no error"
                    return "This template engine does not support anonymous templates nested within its templates";
                };

                ko.virtualElements.allowedBindings['template'] = true;
            })();

            ko.exportSymbol('setTemplateEngine', ko.setTemplateEngine);
            ko.exportSymbol('renderTemplate', ko.renderTemplate);

            ko.utils.compareArrays = (function() {
                var statusNotInOld = 'added', statusNotInNew = 'deleted';

                // Simple calculation based on Levenshtein distance.

                function compareArrays(oldArray, newArray, options) {
                    // For backward compatibility, if the third arg is actually a bool, interpret
                    // it as the old parameter 'dontLimitMoves'. Newer code should use { dontLimitMoves: true }.
                    options = (typeof options === 'boolean') ? { 'dontLimitMoves': options } : (options || {});
                    oldArray = oldArray || [];
                    newArray = newArray || [];

                    if (oldArray.length <= newArray.length)
                        return compareSmallArrayToBigArray(oldArray, newArray, statusNotInOld, statusNotInNew, options);
                    else
                        return compareSmallArrayToBigArray(newArray, oldArray, statusNotInNew, statusNotInOld, options);
                }

                function compareSmallArrayToBigArray(smlArray, bigArray, statusNotInSml, statusNotInBig, options) {
                    var myMin = Math.min,
                        myMax = Math.max,
                        editDistanceMatrix = [],
                        smlIndex, smlIndexMax = smlArray.length,
                        bigIndex, bigIndexMax = bigArray.length,
                        compareRange = (bigIndexMax - smlIndexMax) || 1,
                        maxDistance = smlIndexMax + bigIndexMax + 1,
                        thisRow, lastRow,
                        bigIndexMaxForRow, bigIndexMinForRow;

                    for (smlIndex = 0; smlIndex <= smlIndexMax; smlIndex++) {
                        lastRow = thisRow;
                        editDistanceMatrix.push(thisRow = []);
                        bigIndexMaxForRow = myMin(bigIndexMax, smlIndex + compareRange);
                        bigIndexMinForRow = myMax(0, smlIndex - 1);
                        for (bigIndex = bigIndexMinForRow; bigIndex <= bigIndexMaxForRow; bigIndex++) {
                            if (!bigIndex)
                                thisRow[bigIndex] = smlIndex + 1;
                            else if (!smlIndex)  // Top row - transform empty array into new array via additions
                                thisRow[bigIndex] = bigIndex + 1;
                            else if (smlArray[smlIndex - 1] === bigArray[bigIndex - 1])
                                thisRow[bigIndex] = lastRow[bigIndex - 1];                  // copy value (no edit)
                            else {
                                var northDistance = lastRow[bigIndex] || maxDistance; // not in big (deletion)
                                var westDistance = thisRow[bigIndex - 1] || maxDistance; // not in small (addition)
                                thisRow[bigIndex] = myMin(northDistance, westDistance) + 1;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    var editScript = [], meMinusOne, notInSml = [], notInBig = [];
                    for (smlIndex = smlIndexMax, bigIndex = bigIndexMax; smlIndex || bigIndex;) {
                        meMinusOne = editDistanceMatrix[smlIndex][bigIndex] - 1;
                        if (bigIndex && meMinusOne === editDistanceMatrix[smlIndex][bigIndex - 1]) {
                            notInSml.push(editScript[editScript.length] = {
// added
                                'status': statusNotInSml,
                                'value': bigArray[--bigIndex],
                                'index': bigIndex
                            });
                        } else if (smlIndex && meMinusOne === editDistanceMatrix[smlIndex - 1][bigIndex]) {
                            notInBig.push(editScript[editScript.length] = {
// deleted
                                'status': statusNotInBig,
                                'value': smlArray[--smlIndex],
                                'index': smlIndex
                            });
                        } else {
                            --bigIndex;
                            --smlIndex;
                            if (!options['sparse']) {
                                editScript.push({
                                    'status': "retained",
                                    'value': bigArray[bigIndex]
                                });
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (notInSml.length && notInBig.length) {
                        // Set a limit on the number of consecutive non-matching comparisons; having it a multiple of
                        // smlIndexMax keeps the time complexity of this algorithm linear.
                        var limitFailedCompares = smlIndexMax * 10, failedCompares,
                            a, d, notInSmlItem, notInBigItem;
                        // Go through the items that have been added and deleted and try to find matches between them.
                        for (failedCompares = a = 0; (options['dontLimitMoves'] || failedCompares < limitFailedCompares) && (notInSmlItem = notInSml[a]); a++) {
                            for (d = 0; notInBigItem = notInBig[d]; d++) {
                                if (notInSmlItem['value'] === notInBigItem['value']) {
                                    notInSmlItem['moved'] = notInBigItem['index'];
                                    notInBigItem['moved'] = notInSmlItem['index'];
                                    notInBig.splice(d, 1); // This item is marked as moved; so remove it from notInBig list
                                    failedCompares = d = 0; // Reset failed compares count because we're checking for consecutive failures
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                            failedCompares += d;
                        }
                    }
                    return editScript.reverse();
                }

                return compareArrays;
            })();

            ko.exportSymbol('utils.compareArrays', ko.utils.compareArrays);

            (function() {
                // Objective:
                // * Given an input array, a container DOM node, and a function from array elements to arrays of DOM nodes,
                //   map the array elements to arrays of DOM nodes, concatenate together all these arrays, and use them to populate the container DOM node
                // * Next time we're given the same combination of things (with the array possibly having mutated), update the container DOM node
                //   so that its children is again the concatenation of the mappings of the array elements, but don't re-map any array elements that we
                //   previously mapped - retain those nodes, and just insert/delete other ones

                // "callbackAfterAddingNodes" will be invoked after any "mapping"-generated nodes are inserted into the container node
                // You can use this, for example, to activate bindings on those nodes.

                function mapNodeAndRefreshWhenChanged(containerNode, mapping, valueToMap, callbackAfterAddingNodes, index) {
                    // Map this array value inside a dependentObservable so we re-map when any dependency changes
                    var mappedNodes = [];
                    var dependentObservable = ko.dependentObservable(function() {
                        var newMappedNodes = mapping(valueToMap, index, ko.utils.fixUpContinuousNodeArray(mappedNodes, containerNode)) || [];

                        // On subsequent evaluations, just replace the previously-inserted DOM nodes
                        if (mappedNodes.length > 0) {
                            ko.utils.replaceDomNodes(mappedNodes, newMappedNodes);
                            if (callbackAfterAddingNodes)
                                ko.dependencyDetection.ignore(callbackAfterAddingNodes, null, [valueToMap, newMappedNodes, index]);
                        }

                        // Replace the contents of the mappedNodes array, thereby updating the record
                        // of which nodes would be deleted if valueToMap was itself later removed
                        mappedNodes.splice(0, mappedNodes.length);
                        ko.utils.arrayPushAll(mappedNodes, newMappedNodes);
                    }, null, { disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: containerNode, disposeWhen: function() { return !ko.utils.anyDomNodeIsAttachedToDocument(mappedNodes); } });
                    return { mappedNodes: mappedNodes, dependentObservable: (dependentObservable.isActive() ? dependentObservable : undefined) };
                }

                var lastMappingResultDomDataKey = ko.utils.domData.nextKey();

                ko.utils.setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping = function(domNode, array, mapping, options, callbackAfterAddingNodes) {
                    // Compare the provided array against the previous one
                    array = array || [];
                    options = options || {};
                    var isFirstExecution = ko.utils.domData.get(domNode, lastMappingResultDomDataKey) === undefined;
                    var lastMappingResult = ko.utils.domData.get(domNode, lastMappingResultDomDataKey) || [];
                    var lastArray = ko.utils.arrayMap(lastMappingResult, function(x) { return x.arrayEntry; });
                    var editScript = ko.utils.compareArrays(lastArray, array, options['dontLimitMoves']);

                    // Build the new mapping result
                    var newMappingResult = [];
                    var lastMappingResultIndex = 0;
                    var newMappingResultIndex = 0;

                    var nodesToDelete = [];
                    var itemsToProcess = [];
                    var itemsForBeforeRemoveCallbacks = [];
                    var itemsForMoveCallbacks = [];
                    var itemsForAfterAddCallbacks = [];
                    var mapData;

                    function itemMovedOrRetained(editScriptIndex, oldPosition) {
                        mapData = lastMappingResult[oldPosition];
                        if (newMappingResultIndex !== oldPosition)
                            itemsForMoveCallbacks[editScriptIndex] = mapData;
                        // Since updating the index might change the nodes, do so before calling fixUpContinuousNodeArray
                        mapData.indexObservable(newMappingResultIndex++);
                        ko.utils.fixUpContinuousNodeArray(mapData.mappedNodes, domNode);
                        newMappingResult.push(mapData);
                        itemsToProcess.push(mapData);
                    }

                    function callCallback(callback, items) {
                        if (callback) {
                            for (var i = 0, n = items.length; i < n; i++) {
                                if (items[i]) {
                                    ko.utils.arrayForEach(items[i].mappedNodes, function(node) {
                                        callback(node, i, items[i].arrayEntry);
                                    });
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    for (var i = 0, editScriptItem, movedIndex; editScriptItem = editScript[i]; i++) {
                        movedIndex = editScriptItem['moved'];
                        switch (editScriptItem['status']) {
                        case "deleted":
                            if (movedIndex === undefined) {
                                mapData = lastMappingResult[lastMappingResultIndex];

                                // Stop tracking changes to the mapping for these nodes
                                if (mapData.dependentObservable)
                                    mapData.dependentObservable.dispose();

                                // Queue these nodes for later removal
                                nodesToDelete.push.apply(nodesToDelete, ko.utils.fixUpContinuousNodeArray(mapData.mappedNodes, domNode));
                                if (options['beforeRemove']) {
                                    itemsForBeforeRemoveCallbacks[i] = mapData;
                                    itemsToProcess.push(mapData);
                                }
                            }
                            lastMappingResultIndex++;
                            break;
                        case "retained":
                            itemMovedOrRetained(i, lastMappingResultIndex++);
                            break;
                        case "added":
                            if (movedIndex !== undefined) {
                                itemMovedOrRetained(i, movedIndex);
                            } else {
                                mapData = { arrayEntry: editScriptItem['value'], indexObservable: ko.observable(newMappingResultIndex++) };
                                newMappingResult.push(mapData);
                                itemsToProcess.push(mapData);
                                if (!isFirstExecution)
                                    itemsForAfterAddCallbacks[i] = mapData;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    // Call beforeMove first before any changes have been made to the DOM
                    callCallback(options['beforeMove'], itemsForMoveCallbacks);

                    // Next remove nodes for deleted items (or just clean if there's a beforeRemove callback)
                    ko.utils.arrayForEach(nodesToDelete, options['beforeRemove'] ? ko.cleanNode : ko.removeNode);

                    // Next add/reorder the remaining items (will include deleted items if there's a beforeRemove callback)
                    for (var i = 0, nextNode = ko.virtualElements.firstChild(domNode), lastNode, node; mapData = itemsToProcess[i]; i++) {
                        // Get nodes for newly added items
                        if (!mapData.mappedNodes)
                            ko.utils.extend(mapData, mapNodeAndRefreshWhenChanged(domNode, mapping, mapData.arrayEntry, callbackAfterAddingNodes, mapData.indexObservable));

                        // Put nodes in the right place if they aren't there already
                        for (var j = 0; node = mapData.mappedNodes[j]; nextNode = node.nextSibling, lastNode = node, j++) {
                            if (node !== nextNode)
                                ko.virtualElements.insertAfter(domNode, node, lastNode);
                        }

                        // Run the callbacks for newly added nodes (for example, to apply bindings, etc.)
                        if (!mapData.initialized && callbackAfterAddingNodes) {
                            callbackAfterAddingNodes(mapData.arrayEntry, mapData.mappedNodes, mapData.indexObservable);
                            mapData.initialized = true;
                        }
                    }

                    // If there's a beforeRemove callback, call it after reordering.
                    // Note that we assume that the beforeRemove callback will usually be used to remove the nodes using
                    // some sort of animation, which is why we first reorder the nodes that will be removed. If the
                    // callback instead removes the nodes right away, it would be more efficient to skip reordering them.
                    // Perhaps we'll make that change in the future if this scenario becomes more common.
                    callCallback(options['beforeRemove'], itemsForBeforeRemoveCallbacks);

                    // Finally call afterMove and afterAdd callbacks
                    callCallback(options['afterMove'], itemsForMoveCallbacks);
                    callCallback(options['afterAdd'], itemsForAfterAddCallbacks);

                    // Store a copy of the array items we just considered so we can difference it next time
                    ko.utils.domData.set(domNode, lastMappingResultDomDataKey, newMappingResult);
                };
            })();

            ko.exportSymbol('utils.setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping', ko.utils.setDomNodeChildrenFromArrayMapping);
            ko.nativeTemplateEngine = function() {
                this['allowTemplateRewriting'] = false;
            };
            ko.nativeTemplateEngine.prototype = new ko.templateEngine();
            ko.nativeTemplateEngine.prototype.constructor = ko.nativeTemplateEngine;
            ko.nativeTemplateEngine.prototype['renderTemplateSource'] = function(templateSource, bindingContext, options) {
                var useNodesIfAvailable = !(ko.utils.ieVersion < 9), // IE<9 cloneNode doesn't work properly
                    templateNodesFunc = useNodesIfAvailable ? templateSource['nodes'] : null,
                    templateNodes = templateNodesFunc ? templateSource['nodes']() : null;

                if (templateNodes) {
                    return ko.utils.makeArray(templateNodes.cloneNode(true).childNodes);
                } else {
                    var templateText = templateSource['text']();
                    return ko.utils.parseHtmlFragment(templateText);
                }
            };

            ko.nativeTemplateEngine.instance = new ko.nativeTemplateEngine();
            ko.setTemplateEngine(ko.nativeTemplateEngine.instance);

            ko.exportSymbol('nativeTemplateEngine', ko.nativeTemplateEngine);
            (function() {
                ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine = function() {
                    // Detect which version of jquery-tmpl you're using. Unfortunately jquery-tmpl
                    // doesn't expose a version number, so we have to infer it.
                    // Note that as of Knockout 1.3, we only support jQuery.tmpl 1.0.0pre and later,
                    // which KO internally refers to as version "2", so older versions are no longer detected.
                    var jQueryTmplVersion = this.jQueryTmplVersion = (function() {
                        if ((typeof(jQuery) == "undefined") || !(jQuery['tmpl']))
                            return 0;
                        // Since it exposes no official version number, we use our own numbering system. To be updated as jquery-tmpl evolves.
                        try {
                            if (jQuery['tmpl']['tag']['tmpl']['open'].toString().indexOf('__') >= 0) {
                                // Since 1.0.0pre, custom tags should append markup to an array called "__"
                                return 2; // Final version of jquery.tmpl
                            }
                        } catch(ex) { /* Apparently not the version we were looking for */
                        }

                        return 1; // Any older version that we don't support
                    })();

                    function ensureHasReferencedJQueryTemplates() {
                        if (jQueryTmplVersion < 2)
                            throw new Error("Your version of jQuery.tmpl is too old. Please upgrade to jQuery.tmpl 1.0.0pre or later.");
                    }

                    function executeTemplate(compiledTemplate, data, jQueryTemplateOptions) {
                        return jQuery['tmpl'](compiledTemplate, data, jQueryTemplateOptions);
                    }

                    this['renderTemplateSource'] = function(templateSource, bindingContext, options) {
                        options = options || {};
                        ensureHasReferencedJQueryTemplates();

                        // Ensure we have stored a precompiled version of this template (don't want to reparse on every render)
                        var precompiled = templateSource['data']('precompiled');
                        if (!precompiled) {
                            var templateText = templateSource['text']() || "";
                            // Wrap in "with($whatever.koBindingContext) { ... }"
                            templateText = "{{ko_with $item.koBindingContext}}" + templateText + "{{/ko_with}}";

                            precompiled = jQuery['template'](null, templateText);
                            templateSource['data']('precompiled', precompiled);
                        }

                        var data = [bindingContext['$data']]; // Prewrap the data in an array to stop jquery.tmpl from trying to unwrap any arrays
                        var jQueryTemplateOptions = jQuery['extend']({ 'koBindingContext': bindingContext }, options['templateOptions']);

                        var resultNodes = executeTemplate(precompiled, data, jQueryTemplateOptions);
                        resultNodes['appendTo'](document.createElement("div")); // Using "appendTo" forces jQuery/jQuery.tmpl to perform necessary cleanup work

                        jQuery['fragments'] = {}; // Clear jQuery's fragment cache to avoid a memory leak after a large number of template renders
                        return resultNodes;
                    };

                    this['createJavaScriptEvaluatorBlock'] = function(script) {
                        return "{{ko_code ((function() { return " + script + " })()) }}";
                    };

                    this['addTemplate'] = function(templateName, templateMarkup) {
                        document.write("<script type='text/html' id='" + templateName + "'>" + templateMarkup + "<" + "/script>");
                    };

                    if (jQueryTmplVersion > 0) {
                        jQuery['tmpl']['tag']['ko_code'] = {
                            open: "__.push($1 || '');"
                        };
                        jQuery['tmpl']['tag']['ko_with'] = {
                            open: "with($1) {",
                            close: "} "
                        };
                    }
                };

                ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine.prototype = new ko.templateEngine();
                ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine.prototype.constructor = ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine;

                // Use this one by default *only if jquery.tmpl is referenced*
                var jqueryTmplTemplateEngineInstance = new ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine();
                if (jqueryTmplTemplateEngineInstance.jQueryTmplVersion > 0)
                    ko.setTemplateEngine(jqueryTmplTemplateEngineInstance);

                ko.exportSymbol('jqueryTmplTemplateEngine', ko.jqueryTmplTemplateEngine);
            })();
        }));
    }());
})();